Corn, Soybeans, Neighbors, Together

A piece of land, at the same time planting corn and growing soybeans, both harvested. This is not a fantasy, but the reporter recently witnessed the scene in Sichuan Province. Not long ago, the farmers in Zhujia Township, Renshou County, Meishan City, Sichuan Province had just harvested a season of corn. Now, the rows of golden soybeans in their own fields and with wide and narrow rows of corn crops have also been harvested.

Under the support of the National Soybean Industry Technology System and other projects, Yang Wenji, a professor at the National Soybean Industry Technology System and a professor at the Sichuan Agricultural University, and the team he led, explored the "maize-soybean belt compound planting technology" to make it felt by the farmers in Southwest China. The joy of science and technology to get rich has found a new way to promote the development of the soybean industry in China.

"Corn Interplant Soybeans, I never thought about it"

“Our farmers here originally planted corn and planted sweet potatoes. I wouldn't even think about planting soybeans.” Liao Xianlun, a farmer at Shuangbei Village, Baolin Township, Lezhi County, Ziyang City, Sichuan Province, has a few acres of land, and he originally planted corn. After planting sweet potatoes, he told reporters, "Although sweet potato prices are not high, they are always better than single corn."

In the hilly areas of Sichuan Province, there are many farmers like Lu Xianlun who are planting sweet potatoes in corn fields. Due to the low technical requirements, corn intercropping sweet potato is a very popular compound planting pattern in Southwest China for a long time.

“Although maize can be used for land intercropping with sweet potatoes, due to the low market price of sweet potatoes, farmers’ income gains are quite limited.” Yang Wenxuan told reporters that as early as 2003, he and his team members had been looking for a crop to replace sweet potatoes. Can interplant with corn, but also help farmers increase income. After research, it has been found that soybeans as a nitrogen-fixing crop are very suitable. At the same time, farmers in some areas of Sichuan Province have also begun experimenting with corn interplanting with soybeans. However, due to the lack of expert guidance, soybean production is not high, and the yield per mu is between 60 and 70 kg.

On the one hand, experts want to practice interplanting corn and soybeans. On the other hand, farmers who have already started to practice lack the technical guidance. The research on the new technologies of corn and soybean compound planting is imminent.

In 2003, Yang Wenxuan led the team to establish demonstration bases for corn intercropping soybeans in Daiying County and Lezhi County in Sichuan Province and carried out experimental research. In 2005, after two years of experimentation, he and the team's innovative "corn-soybean ribbon composite technology" was improving. The soybean planted in the experimental field could yield 120-130 kilograms per mu, which was more than the output of the original farmers. Some time. After 2008, with the establishment of the National Soybean Industrial Technology System and the support of the industrial technology system, Yang Wenxuan's team further demonstrated and promoted the farmers and provided technical guidance throughout the period. The area and output of soybean planting in Sichuan increased steadily.

In 2010, the "maize-soybean belt compound planting technology" was approved by members of the expert group led by the academician of the Chinese Academy of Engineering and chief scientist of the National Soybean Improvement Center. According to expert surveys, this multiple cropping pattern is not only suitable for promotion in the southwest region, but also suitable for promotion in the northwestern region and the hilly region in the south, and has a very broad prospect.

Today, with the promotion of this new technology, more than 600 million mu of corn in Sichuan has been interplanted with soybeans, and the traditional interplanting model of farmers in the southwest is being changed.

Concentrated and rational use of land, yielding multiple benefits

In Nanchong City, Nanchong County, the village of Yangshun, a farmer in the 2nd village of Qingshi Town, Xicun County, owns 6.5 mu of land. This year, it has changed its planting of soybeans with corn. This fall, he has already harvested 3,317 kilograms of corn. When the reporter saw him, he was busy collecting soybeans. He smiled and said: "This year, my family's soybean yield has reached more than 170 kilograms, and it can help me earn more than 5,000 yuan. This can earn much more than I used to grow sweet potatoes!"

“Compared with the sweet potato, the benefits of soybeans are too obvious.” Li Guanglie, agro-technical instructor at Zhujia Township, Renshou County, Meishan City, calculated for the reporter: If it is calculated based on 150 kilograms of real estate soybeans per mu, it is 2.5 yuan per kilogram of soybeans. The output benefit per mu is 750 yuan, while the cost of interplanting soybeans only needs 200 yuan, and the net profit is more than 500 yuan. The benefits are much higher than that of sweet potatoes nearly 300 to 400 yuan.

Compared with traditional intercropping, interplanting soybeans can also increase labor productivity, save resources, and allow “1+1>2”. According to Yang Wenjun, the production of sweet potatoes needs to go through nursery, planting, pulling, digging, transportation, and storage. Soybeans only need to be sown and harvested, and their input is much less than that of sweet potatoes; at the same time, because soybeans are nitrogen-fixing, Crops have less fertilization in the production process and less pollution to the land, which is more conducive to the sustainable use of land.

"Yudou multiple cropping is based on the traditional corn-sweet potato intercropping system and the corn-soybean intercropping system. The sweet potato is changed to soybeans, and the wide and narrow rows of field arrangement are used to make full use of the advantage of the border line to realize the intercropping of corn and soybean strips and intercropping. Rotation, to meet the mechanization of operations, crops and a harmonious symbiosis of a quarter of dual-income planting mode. "Yang Wenjun said," This technology is the first guarantee that corn does not reduce production, if even the corn production can not guarantee, it does not make sense."

At present, Sichuan is replanted with corn and soybeans, producing 600 kg per mu with an annual output of 10%. It produces 127.4 kg of soybean per mu, and the maximum output of sown soybeans in individual fields reaches 175 kg, which is 8% higher than that of artificially grown soybeans. The efficiency of 351.32 yuan, 5.9 acres of labor, acres of soil organic matter content of 5.56%, increase soil total nitrogen 7.29%.

"Interplanting soybean and corn will not compete with corn or compete with corn. At the same time, corn can also shade soybeans. The coexistence of soybean and corn can also increase income for farmers, improve soil quality, and achieve land concentration. Reasonable use. This is really a piece of land, yield multiple benefits ah!" Li Guanglie sighed.

Large-scale promotion, Sichuan to do the main province of soybean production

From interplanting sweet potatoes to interplanting soybeans, from small-scale demonstration to large-scale promotion, with the support of the national soybean industry technology system and other projects, with the improvement and promotion of “Yudou multiple cropping technology”, this year, the soybean planting area in Sichuan has reached 600 million mu, per mu stable at 120 to 130 kilograms, higher than the average soybean production level in the country, becoming a veritable soybean producing province.

Today, in addition to being promoted in Sichuan Province, the Yudou multiple cropping technology has also been demonstrated in the Northwest, South China and Northeast China. This year, the first demonstration plantation in Heze City, Shandong Province, located on the Huang-Huai-Hai Plain was a success. The interplanting plots increased farmers' income by more than 500 yuan and were welcomed by local farmers.

“Maize-soybean belt compound planting technology is mature and has broad prospects for development.” Rong Tingzhao, an academician of the Chinese Academy of Engineering and a professor at Sichuan Agricultural University, believes that the multiple cropping technology of Yudou is an advanced agricultural science and technology that combines economic, social, and ecological benefits. It is of great significance to ensure the safety of grain and oil in China without realizing the harvest of corn and soybeans without reducing the amount of cultivated land.

As an important grain, oil, and feed crop in China, soybean has always been the largest supply and demand gap in China, and the contradiction between production and demand is most prominent. In recent years, as the main soybean producing area in the northeast, the planting area has been declining due to the lower benefit compared with corn. At the same time, the scientific research level and the area of ​​the production of soybeans in China are also far behind those of foreign countries. How to increase the productivity of soybeans and alleviate the crisis in the soybean industry in China has become a problem that soybean research workers urgently need to think about. The emergence of "maize-soybean compound planting technology" solved this problem to a certain extent and solved this dilemma.

Rong Tingzhao believes that at present, Sichuan Province, which has implemented a corn-soybean multiple cropping model, has a rapid rate of only 27% of the corn planting area, and the proportion of other areas in the southwest is less than 10%. In the southwestern mountain corn area, the northwestern corn area and the southern hilly corn area, the existing corn planting area is over 100 million mu. If all are implemented, the potential is huge, which will alleviate the industrial crisis of soybean in China to some extent.

In the interview, Yang Wenxuan, who is actively demonstrating and promoting the technology, told reporters that in the future he hopes to increase the training and demonstration of corn-soybean compound planting technology under the strong support of the government so that more farmers can see jade. The benefits of bean double cropping allow this technology to play its due role in resolving the "three rural issues" issue as soon as possible.

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