Muddy artificial breeding and large-scale breeding techniques
Loach in the taxonomy of fish is a scorpion-shaped, suborder, scorpion, loach genus. There are more than a dozen types of loach in the world. Normally, it is mainly true loach. Loach is a kind of omnivorous small freshwater fish that is commonly distributed in rivers, ditches, paddy fields, ponds, lakes, and reservoirs, etc., except for the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. It is one of the main freshwater economic fishes. However, due to over-fishing and deterioration of habitats, muddy resources have been destroyed and natural production has been greatly reduced. In order to increase the effective supply, it is particularly important to develop large-scale, muddy farming. Now we will introduce a simple introduction to the artificial breeding and large-scale breeding of loach.
First, artificial breeding of loach
1. The choice of intimacy and the identification of males and females are not easy for long-term stocking. It is advisable to collect the natural loach in the vicinity of the spawning period for artificial propagation after intensive cultivation. When collecting, you must choose a mature loach that is over 2 years old, with good body shape, strong physique, more mucus, and healthy without injury. Females require a body length of 18 cm and a body weight of 30 g or more. The abdomen expands softly and elastically. Males require a body length of 12 cm and a weight of 15 g or more. Male and female were identified as: Mature females were significantly larger than males, with short pectoral fins and obtuse ends. They were fan-shaped, with prominent abdomen. The body was cylindrical and genital valgus was red. The male skeleton is small in size, with long and narrow pectoral fins. The tip is pointed and upturned. The base of the second fin has a thin slice of bone. There are stars on the fin.
2. Artificial oxytocin <1> Common utensils must be prepared before delivery. There are 2 types of utensils, 6cm in diameter, for the study of the pituitary gland and the testis; several syringes with the capacity of 1-2m1; and several injection needles for the 4th; used for the injection of oxytocic agents; , 2 each, for picking testes; several towels, several hard feathers on the wings of poultry, one 1000ml bottle, 20 or 50m1 straws, several basins or buckets, for the proæš‚ Pre-production holdings, several white enamel bowls.
<2> Inducing production of artificial loach spawning time than natural breeding late, requiring the water temperature stability to reach more than 20 °C. Commonly used oxytocin drugs are: human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG), pituitary, and luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone analogue (LRH-A) at a dose of HGC300-400 international units per female, or 1 carp pituitary , Or LRH-A5-10ug, male and female dose halved. The injection site is generally back muscle injection, body cavity injection can also be used, the female lice injection dose of 0.2ml, male lice 0.1ml, injection depth of 0.2cm. The injection time is based on muddy culminating in reaching early estrus in the early morning of the next day. After the injection, the intimacy was placed in a cage of 2m1m 0.5m (length, width, height). Each cage was placed in 50 groups of males and females, with a male to female ratio of 1:1.2-1.5. At the same time, a number of fish nests were placed in the cage.
<3> Artificial insemination In the vicinity of the effect time, if the male and female parents are found to be chasing gradually, there are males and females who will distort the body of the female body and the female's jaw is short of breath. This indicates that the estrus has reached its climax. At this time, the female's abdomen is compressed. A golden egg flows out and is free, indicating that artificial insemination can be performed. Artificial insemination should be performed indoors. One person wraps the mature female with a towel, exposes the belly, and gently squeezes the abdomen, squeezes the mature egg into a dry white enamel plate; another person pours the prepared semen on the egg; the third person uses the lighter hand Shake the porcelain plate and gently stir it with feathers for a few seconds. Add a small amount of fresh water to enhance the sperm motility and increase the fertilization rate. The insemination egg is then rinsed several times and incubated in an incubation tank.
<4> Incubation Management Incubation eggs should be placed in a hatching tank that is relatively concentrated at the same time. Incubation water should be fresh, rich in oxygen, no pollution, dissolved oxygen need to be 6-7mg/l, PH value is between 7-8, 2-3 eggs per 1ml water. The water flow in the hatching tank should be controlled so that the fertilized egg can be flushed into the surface of the water. When it approaches the water surface, it gradually spreads to the surrounding area and gradually sinks. The suitable water temperature for hatching is 20-28°C, the optimum water temperature is 25°C, and the water temperature can be hatched after about 30-35h at 24-25°C. After hatching, the fry should continue to raise water in the original tank and hold it until the yolk sac of most larvae disappears. Then, the cooked yolk should be fed into the tank, with an egg yolk of 200,000 tails. After 2-3 days of feeding, the lower pool can be transferred to seedlings for cultivation.
Second, large-scale pond aquaculture The so-called large-scale farming refers to a piece of 100 mu or even hundreds of acres of loach high-yield aquaculture production. It requires an average yield of 500kg or more, combined with seedling cultivation, commercial production, feed supply, and merchandise sales. Provide the market with ample quantities of commodity loach.
1. Site selection The selection of loach farm sites should be as follows: the water source should be sufficient and reliable; the water quality should be fresh and pollution-free; the water supply and drainage should be convenient and self-irrigation; the soil should be neutral or slightly acidic; the sunlight should be selected; Adequate; convenient transportation; electricity is guaranteed. 2. The area of ​​the construction pond for Chengyu Pond is 100-300 square meters. When it is built to create Dianchi Lake, the pond must be higher than the water surface by 40 cm in consideration of the unique mud mud properties and the ability to escape. The best choice of material is Cement boards, bricks or hard plastic plates, or compacted with triaxial soil. Screens can also be used to cover the surrounding area of ​​the pond. The screens are buried in hard soil and rise above the surface 15-20 cm. Pool depth requires 80-100cm. The bottom layer should have silt of 20-30cm and the depth of water should be kept at 30-50cm. The water inlet is 20cm above the water surface. The drain port is located at the level of the normal level of the pond. The bottom of the drain is set at the bottom of the bottom of the fish slide. The inlet and outlet are wrapped with dense mesh to prevent the muddy from escaping. The fish trapped mud pit: In order to facilitate fishing, the fish trap is connected to the drainage bottom at the pool, and its area is about 5% of the bottom of the pool, which is 30-35cm deeper than the bottom of the pool. The fish is surrounded by wooden boards or made of concrete or brick.
3. Preparations before stocking and stocking 10 days before stocking, clear the Dianchi Lake, plug the loopholes, clear the drains, and dig the bottom sludge. Lime clear pond again. When the depth of the pool is 10cm, 1kg of lime is applied per 10m 2 , and the whole pool is splashed immediately after the calcine is converted into pulp. After 3 days of clear pond, apply base fertilizer with 30cm of water. The amount of basal fertilizer: 3 kg of chicken manure applied per 10 m2; 5 kg per 10 m2 applied to manure, pig manure, cow dung; 7 g nitrogen fertilizer per cubic meter of water applied to fertilizer, phosphate fertilizer 1 Grams. It is used to breed plankton, so that the natural feed can be eaten after the species is bred. The fish species can be disinfected with 810-6 or 1010-6 bleach solution before stocking. When the water temperature is 10-15°C, the immersion time is 20-30 minutes. After the toxicity of the drug to be disinfected disappears, 3-5 cm per square metre and 50-60 pods per species will be released. The water source condition and technical strength may be appropriately increased. In the muddy pond, it is appropriate to breed the pelagic fishes, such as grasses, oysters, oysters, and other summer fish species, and it is not appropriate to match tilapia, clams, and squid species.
4. Feeding management <1>. Fertilizing loach is omnivorous fish, like eating organic debris and plankton, benthic animals. Therefore, fertilizing measures should be adopted to cultivate natural food during the breeding stage. In addition to Shiji Fei, it is also necessary to top-dress fertilizer in time according to the water color. Topdressing commonly used farmyard manure, such as pig manure, cow dung, chicken manure, human dung, etc., can also be applied calcium phosphate, urea, ammonium bicarbonate and other fertilizers, depending on the color of the fertilizer, and usually 30-50% of the base fertilizer. The transparency of the pool water is controlled at 15-2cm, and the water color is yellow-green.
<2>. Lodging mud feeding wide. When breeding, in addition to fertilizing and cultivating water quality, compound feed should also be fed. The muddy appetite is related to the water temperature. When the water temperature is below 20°C, the main food intake is plant-based food, accounting for about 60-70%; when the water temperature is 21-23°C, the animal and vegetable diets account for 50% each; when the water temperature exceeds 24°C, the plant food should be Reduced to 30-40%. The animal feeds for loach feeding include: fishmeal, animal viscera, earthworms, small miscellaneous fish, blood meal, etc.; plant foods include: soybean meal, vegetable meal, secondary meal, wheat bran, and cereals. Artificial compound feed is generally fed once a day in the afternoon and afternoon, and the daily feeding amount is 4-10% of the loach body weight. Feeding should be based on water quality, weather, and food intake. When the water temperature is above 15°C, the loach appetite gradually increases, and the appetite at 25-27°C is particularly strong. When the temperature is higher than 30°C or lower than 12°C, less food or even feed should be stopped. Bait to do: timing, fixed-point, qualitative, quantitative.
5. Day-to-day management The daily management work is mainly to adjust the water quality, and to keep the pond water quality fat, live, and cool. The water color is preferably yellow-green, changing water once or twice a week; sticking to the pond three times a day; paying attention to changes in water color and muddy activities of the pool water; regularly feeding fish disease prevention drugs; cleaning the feed table and regularly disinfecting it; Treatment is timely when disease occurs; inflow and outfalls, and Tanggu must be regularly inspected and leaks must be repaired in a timely manner; in the event of abrupt changes in the climate, such as: hot weather, low air pressure, thunderstorms, or rainy days, observe whether Chengdu-Chongqing is Floating head. If the floating head is severe, new water should be flushed in time. Do a daily job record.
Third, common disease prevention
1. Sarcoma is caused by infection with fungi such as water mold and pythium. Most of the disease was caused by carcass injury. The mold spores propagated in the wound and invaded the body tissues. The morbidity site of the disease was white or gray cotton floc. Control methods: dip for 15-30 minutes with malachite green solution of 110-6 concentration; or mix with baking soda and salt of 410-4 solution, then splash the whole pool.
2. Red fin disease caused by Brevibacterium infection. Diseased fins, abdomen, skin and anus around congestion, ulceration, caudal fins, pectoral fins white rot. Control methods: Use a bleaching agent with a concentration of 110–6% of the whole pool; or 0.510–6 to kill the total amount of hemispherical spillage; or use a 10–10–6 concentration of tetracycline solution to dip for 12 hours.
3. The print disease was caused by parasitism by Aeromonas hydrophila. The lesions are swollen and red, oval and round. The affected area was mainly on both sides of the caudal peduncle and it seemed to be stamped. Control methods: Use 0.510-6 concentration to kill Hey Quanchiposa for therapeutic purposes.
4. Parasitic diseases are mainly caused by parasites such as trichomonads, tongue beetles and third-generation insects. The body is thin and sick, often floating on the surface of the water, swift and uneasy, or spinning on the surface of the water, increasing body mucus. Control method: Use 0.710-6 concentration of copper sulfate and ferrous sulfate (5:2) mixture Quanchiposa, can control trichoderma and tongue cup worm disease; use 0.510-6 concentration of 90% crystal trichlorfon Quanchiposa It can control the third generation of worms.
IV. Muddy fishing, holding and transportation
1. The bottom of the drainage net of the fish caught in the pond is stretched out of the net, and as the water flows out of the outlet, the muddy water slowly concentrates into the collection fish pit, and some of it flows out into the net with water, and then the water is collected to make the mud loach concentrated. Zhang network. If you put water in the pond outside the fish pond at the same time, use 5-6 kilograms of water per acre, bake it out in the fire for 3-5 minutes, remove it and research it into powder, and then soak in water for 3-5 hours. Spilling mud to drive it quickly to the fish pit, the better fishing effect.
2. After the mud has been picked up for a short period of time, whether it is sold domestically or exported, it must be kept in the water, fish cage, water tank or concrete pool for a few days with clean water (without feeding). Its purpose is: to eliminate body excrement, improve the survival rate of the transport; remove the muddy smell of the mud, improve the taste of the food; concentrate the loach in one place, which is convenient for batch shipment.
3. It is very easy to transport the skin and have a good respiratory function. Proximity transport can be carried out by dry transport, ie placing the loach in the container, keeping the skin moist for close-distance transport; middle-range transport can be carried by casks or shipping fish, generally 1 kg of water can be shipped 1-1.5 kg loach. When the temperature is 15oC, it can be shipped for 5-8 hours. For long-distance transportation, it should be transported by cooling. That is to say, the fresh loach should be placed in a refrigerated truck with a controlled temperature of 5oC for heat preservation and transportation.
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