Prescription to prevent death of cotton withered

The phenomenon of withering and withering in the later stages of cotton occurs every year, resulting in severe reduction of cotton production. The solution to this problem should be based on the cause of the disease.

First, due to the occurrence of Verticillium wilt in cotton fields, Verticillium wilt occurs mainly in the seriously illed fields of many years. Yellow patches appear between the initial disease margins and veins, and gradually expand, the leaves become light green, and the main veins and surrounding areas remain green. The diseased leaves showed palmate mottled leaves curled downward and the leaves fell from the bottom up. Sometimes up to the top. The peak of onset is in the middle and late August. The suitable temperature is 25 to 28, and the humidity is above 80%. The onset is more severe in rainy days, less in rain, less severe in dry years, and sudden rainstorms in summer, and acute wilting can occur. In addition to measures such as changing the land, adjusting soil moisture, and replacing disease-resistant varieties, the prevention of cotton fields should adopt Bacillus subtilis 300 times solution to irrigate roots, or grams of yellow pesticides and foliar fertilizers (such as 2%). Urea water + 0.5% potassium dihydrogen phosphate) Spray control at the beginning of the disease, control once every 7-8 days, even spray 3 to 4 times.

The second is the cotton field where the ringworm disease had died. The peak period of ringworm disease is also in late August and early September. Seedling and adult plants also occur from time to time. In the early stage of disease, the leaves develop a reddish-brown small circle, then expand into irregular or near-circular brown spots, some become inconspicuous, the lesion expands around with a purple-red lesion, and gradually curls and dries, starting from single plant to The death of the spot, the incidence of serious large area contiguous death; the optimal temperature of 25 degrees Celsius, 27 to 30 degrees Celsius can be the disease, heavy rainfall and heavy onset. In the early stage of the disease, propiconazole or mancozeb zinc wettable powder 300 times, continuous spray 2 to 3 times, can effectively control.

Third, due to the occurrence of red-blight disease withered cotton fields, red leaf blight, is a physiological disease, mid-birth disease, the initial parietal first yellow, gradually turning red, from top to bottom, from the inside out, the veins continue to maintain Green and leafy green leaves produce lesions like Verticillium wilt, but the stems have no lesions. In the later stage of childbearing, the diseased leaves turn yellow and then turn red. In severe cases, the base of the petiole is dehydrated and shrunk, the leaves are coked off, and the top of the plant is dry. Most of these cotton fields are in continuous use as cotton fields, which are caused by severe shortage of potassium, infertile soil, or malnutrition, and are prone to outbreaks in the event of drought. The prevention and control of such cotton fields should be based on soil fertility, organic fertilizer and potash fertilizer, spraying 2% urea + 0.5% potassium dihydrogen phosphate foliar every 5 to 7 days in the initial stage of disease. , Even spray 2 or 3 times, can be eased.

Fourth, due to improper fertilization caused by late middle-aged cotton fields, cotton into the late growth period, the ability of root absorption decreased, some high-yield cotton fields due to more bells and heavy burden, often due to excessive over-dressing or high-grade rain after top-dressing causes blight. Therefore, the top cover fertilizer, fertilizer should not be excessive, generally 5 ~ 7.5 kg urea urea is appropriate, should not exceed 10 kg, fertilization time should be applied after pouring or after rain, deep in the middle of the big line, not too close to the root. In the high-yield field cotton fields with defertilization in the later stages, the foliar dressing should be performed as a necessary supplement to reduce the burden on the root system.

Effective budding and effective flowering of cotton

The effective flowering period of cotton refers to the last day when cotton bloom can become a bell, and it can form an economic output, expressed in months. For example, in the middle of Hebei and the first line in the Yellow River cotton region, the flowers that were opened before September 3 and September 3 after many years of tests are effective flowers. Generally, they can be turned into bells, and they can boil. After the flowers are opened, they cannot generally be ringed. Even if it can be a bell, it cannot produce a yield and it is called an invalid flower. The period from the beginning of flowering to the effective flowering of cotton is known as the effective period of cotton's ringing. The effective flowering period of cotton is also different due to differences in climate, geography, soil fertility, and cultivation methods. The effective ringing period in central Hebei is from July 5 to September 3, with a history of about 60 days. The effective ringing period in the Yangtze River Cotton Region is long, generally from July 5 to September 20, which lasts for about 75 days. Therefore, cotton production in the Yangtze River Cotton Region is higher than that in the Yellow River Cotton Region.

Effective budding period refers to the last day when cotton buds, flowers, and bells, and can form economic output. The effective budding period of cotton can generally be derived from the budding and flowering characteristics of cotton. It usually takes 23 to 25 days from bud emergence to flowering, and the effective flowering period of cotton is pushed forward for 23 to 25 days (usually by 25 days), which is the effective budding period. The middle part of Hebei is usually on August 8, the Yangtze River cotton area. Generally from August 23 to August 28, the buds reproduced after this time are invalid buds.

Understanding the effective budding stage and effective flowering stage of local cotton, and strengthening cotton cultivation and management in line with local conditions, so as to prolong the effective budding period, flowering stage, and boll stage of cotton and control the growth of ineffective flower buds are of great significance to promote cotton production. For example, in the effective budding period, grouping, or using a high concentration of dilute amines for chemical control, or in the effective flowering period to take empty branches, to invalid buds and other measures to control the growth of invalid flowers, buds, reduce nutrients Consumption, or spraying foliar fertilizers in advance, pest prevention and control measures to promote more buds, more flowering, and more bells in the effective budding period and effective flowering.

Frequent autumn rain, prevention of bad bells to be advanced

In late July, the local rainfall between the rivers in Bozhou City was 199 millimeters, 83 millimeters more than in the same period of 2011, 185.5 millimeters more than in 2010, 125.5 millimeters more than normal, more rainy days, and relatively less sunshine hours than in previous years. . Therefore, the rotten bell in the cotton field was earlier than in previous years. It began to be discovered in late July and was investigated on August 4. The average rotten bell has grown to 1% of Chengling, and the incidence of heavier bell disease has reached 2.4%, which is 10 to 15 days earlier than in previous years. In addition to the disease caused by ringworm disease, the diseases caused by cotton rotten bells include black fruit disease, pinkish pink disease, and gray mold. It is recommended that the majority of cotton farmers, in accordance with the local rainfall conditions, timely inspection and timely prevention and treatment. In addition to agricultural measures such as timely drainage after rain, cultivator cool, timely pruning, removal of old leaves, push-strains, etc., which enhance the ability of field percolation, the pesticides with good control effect in the field of pharmacy have 300 times dose of mancozeb, mesylate. Mn-Zn 700 times, anti-virus 600 times, B-aluminum, etc. The main protective agents are carbendazim, Bordeaux fluid, etc. In the early stage of the rotten bell, the boll spray is directed at the lower part and sprayed once every 6-7 days.

Herbal Extract

Plant extracts refers to substances extracted or processed from plants (all or part of plants) with appropriate solvents or methods. They can be used in pharmaceutical industry, food industry, daily chemical industry and other industries.

There is a conceptual intersection between plant extracts and Chinese herbal extracts. The raw materials of plant extracts in China mainly come from Chinese herbal medicine. Therefore, domestic plant extracts can also be called traditional Chinese medicine extracts to some extent. They are generally included in the category of traditional Chinese medicine products in China's export trade statistics.

Development History

China's plant extracts come from the traditional Chinese medicine industry, and the overall development time is relatively late. In the 1970s, some Chinese herbal medicine factories began to use mechanical equipment to extract active ingredients, but only as part of production, plant extracts have not been produced on a large scale. Until the 1990s, the international trend of returning to nature rose, and people began to tend to use natural plant products. During this period, China's foreign trade rose, and China's Plant Extract industry was getting better and better. In the 21st century, with the application of more advanced extraction methods such as enzymatic extraction, ultrasound, supercritical extraction, membrane separation technology and microwave extraction technology, the yield of extract has been greatly improved, and China's plant extract industry has entered a golden period of development. From 2010 to 2015, the production capacity and export volume of plant extracts increased steadily and rapidly every year, and the proportion of plant extracts in the export of traditional Chinese medicine also increased a lot. Since 2016, the market situation of plant extracts has changed.

Classification

Ashwaganda Root Extract, ,Sophora Japonica Extract, Hypericum Perforatum Extract, Salvia Miltiorrhiza Extract

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