High-yielding Cultivation Techniques of Asian Lily Bulbs in Semi-arid Region
2018-04-25 14:00:37
Located in the western part of Liaoning Province, Kazuo County is a typical hilly and semi-arid region. In recent years, with the continuous advancement of agricultural industrial restructuring, flowers are emerging as a new industry and a new agricultural economic growth project is rapidly emerging in our region. And development. Since 2003, the county has established an open-air 100-ball breeding base, 30,000 square meters of 667 square meters of planting balls, 24,000 to 26,000 eligible breeding balls, and 560 or so corns of 667 square meters. About 200 kg corn production, net income per 667 square meters can reach 2200 ~ 2316 yuan, and achieved significant economic and social benefits. The high yield cultivation techniques are summarized below.
1. Selection, preparation and fertilization according to the growth characteristics of Asian Lilies. To select the flat soil with deep soil, high organic matter content, loose texture, and energy-filling sandy loam, after the selection, deep-turn 30 centimeters and make a fine leveling. Combine deep turning. 667 square meters of full-fledged high-quality agricultural fertilizer 6 cubic meters, every cubic meter of fertilizer to use 50% carbendazim and 50% sulfuric acid 1000 grams of water and 50 kg of stirring even stuffy. Then do 畦, north-south direction, 1 to 2 meters wide, 10 to 15 meters long, 25 to 30 centimeters wide, planted before pouring a permeable, when the soil reaches the hands into a group, landing scattered, that can be planted.
2. The general colonization time for colonization is about mid-April, and it cannot exceed May 1st at the latest. Prior to colonization, the treated pellets were soaked in an 800-fold aqueous carbendazim solution for 30 minutes and then colonized. Generally used to open the ditch, ditch depth 12 cm, spacing 20 cm, spacing 8 cm. With the roots of the pellets facing downwards, they are evenly planted in the furrows, with a poisonous valley, 667 square meters of 25 kg of diammonium phosphate, 10 kg of potassium sulfate, and 8 to 10 cm of earth. After each planting, a small amount of water was poured, and at the same time, corn was planted at a spacing of 1.0 m on the planter to shade the lily later.
3. Field management
3.1 Water and Fertilizer Management Before emergence, no drought or watering, to increase the temperature, but to keep the soil moist. After 15 to 20 days, the seedlings began to unearth. When the leaves of the seedlings were all unfolded, the first time the fertilizer was combined with irrigation, 10 kg of urea solution was applied every 667 square meters. After 20 days, the second fertilizer was combined with irrigation, and 10 kg of dissolved urea and 2.5 kg of ferrous sulfate were dissolved every 667 square meters. When budding, the third fertilizer was combined with irrigation to flush 10 kg of diammonium phosphate and 10 kg of potassium sulfate with water. Pay attention to spray fertilizer in the middle and late stages, generally from the middle of July, according to the growth situation, spraying 2 to 3 times. The main fertilizers are potassium dihydrogen phosphate, borax and multiple micronutrients. Throughout the growing season, the drought must be filled with water in a timely manner. During the rainy season, attention must be paid to drainage, but the watering of the bulbs is prohibited 10 days before harvest.
3.2 Timely cultivating rushes Because of slower growth of lily plants, we must pay attention to the prevention of grass shortage during the whole growth period, and timely removal of weeds. After emergence, 5 cm wide small shovels can be used for shallow cultivating up to 2 to 3 cm, especially for each After watering, the surface of the land should be promptly cultivated. The cultivating principle is easy to shallow and not easy to prevent injury to the bulb.
3.3 Picking buds, rickets Due to the high level of fertilizer and water management and individual ball is too large, buds tend to appear during growth. After budding, they should be promptly removed to prevent consumption of nutrients and promote the growth and expansion of the bulb. At the same time, if a diseased plant is found in the whole growth period, a small number of plants should be dug out in time and brought out of the field or burned in a concentrated manner. In addition, the leaves of the tasselling corn under the ear should be knocked out later. Increase light ventilation to reduce the occurrence of lily disease. The management technology of corn throughout the growing period is the same as that of Daejeon.
3.4 Diseases and pests control Diseases of lilies mainly include diseases such as epidemics, gray molds and virus diseases. Lily pests mainly include roundworms, spotted lilies, and underground pests. The disease mainly harms the roots and stems, but also harms the stems, leaves, flowers, and bulbs. The affected area is flooded with spots. It then turns brown and shrinks. The plants wither. The stems break off from the victim and die. In the early stages, 40% of the time can be sprayed. Aluminium phosphorus trichloride 300 times, 25% 500 grams of rifampicin. Botrytis cinerea is a common disease in cultivation, which damages leaves, buds, stems and flowers. It can be sprayed with 50% Formamide WP 600 times and 70% thiophanate-methyl WP 800 times in the early stage of disease. Virus disease damage is mainly manifested as plant dwarf, malformation, leaf green spot generation or white and green bands and necrosis, leaf distortion, plant growth, color variation, the early onset of the virus can be used to wet the 500 times liquid spray, can also be used Jiner Kang 200 times, 20% of nannanmycin 200 ~ 260 times spray control, while completely eliminating aphids. Underground pests can be treated with poison valleys and toxic soils. Liriomyza sativae can use 70% submerged gram of 10 grams per 667 square meters, spraying 50 kilograms of water, and the locusts can be sprayed with 10% Bidan 1500 times spray.
4. Harvesting and storage of bulbs Bulbs are harvested before they are frozen in the soil. The harvest is harvested from about the end of September to the beginning of October in the region. The method is to use 4 teeth fork to excavate the bulb, must be careful not to hurt the bulb and root system, do not immediately separate the cue ball and the ball, to dry in the shade 1 to 2 days (Never Place it in the sun, then go to mud and separate the ball. The soil can not be removed, can be washed with 5 ~ 10 °C water, washed dry, and then the ball size classification, respectively, into the peat soil filled with plastic bags (small holes in the plastic bag), and then pack . The peat soil should be disinfected with 50% carbendazim 800 times. Place the packed box in a well-ventilated room at 5°C. After 4 weeks of keeping, the temperature can be maintained for a long time. It can sleep for about 7 months, such as temperature control. Well, bulbs can be stored for more than one year.
Author: Kazuo County Agricultural Center, Chaoyang City, Liaoning Province
1. Selection, preparation and fertilization according to the growth characteristics of Asian Lilies. To select the flat soil with deep soil, high organic matter content, loose texture, and energy-filling sandy loam, after the selection, deep-turn 30 centimeters and make a fine leveling. Combine deep turning. 667 square meters of full-fledged high-quality agricultural fertilizer 6 cubic meters, every cubic meter of fertilizer to use 50% carbendazim and 50% sulfuric acid 1000 grams of water and 50 kg of stirring even stuffy. Then do 畦, north-south direction, 1 to 2 meters wide, 10 to 15 meters long, 25 to 30 centimeters wide, planted before pouring a permeable, when the soil reaches the hands into a group, landing scattered, that can be planted.
2. The general colonization time for colonization is about mid-April, and it cannot exceed May 1st at the latest. Prior to colonization, the treated pellets were soaked in an 800-fold aqueous carbendazim solution for 30 minutes and then colonized. Generally used to open the ditch, ditch depth 12 cm, spacing 20 cm, spacing 8 cm. With the roots of the pellets facing downwards, they are evenly planted in the furrows, with a poisonous valley, 667 square meters of 25 kg of diammonium phosphate, 10 kg of potassium sulfate, and 8 to 10 cm of earth. After each planting, a small amount of water was poured, and at the same time, corn was planted at a spacing of 1.0 m on the planter to shade the lily later.
3. Field management
3.1 Water and Fertilizer Management Before emergence, no drought or watering, to increase the temperature, but to keep the soil moist. After 15 to 20 days, the seedlings began to unearth. When the leaves of the seedlings were all unfolded, the first time the fertilizer was combined with irrigation, 10 kg of urea solution was applied every 667 square meters. After 20 days, the second fertilizer was combined with irrigation, and 10 kg of dissolved urea and 2.5 kg of ferrous sulfate were dissolved every 667 square meters. When budding, the third fertilizer was combined with irrigation to flush 10 kg of diammonium phosphate and 10 kg of potassium sulfate with water. Pay attention to spray fertilizer in the middle and late stages, generally from the middle of July, according to the growth situation, spraying 2 to 3 times. The main fertilizers are potassium dihydrogen phosphate, borax and multiple micronutrients. Throughout the growing season, the drought must be filled with water in a timely manner. During the rainy season, attention must be paid to drainage, but the watering of the bulbs is prohibited 10 days before harvest.
3.2 Timely cultivating rushes Because of slower growth of lily plants, we must pay attention to the prevention of grass shortage during the whole growth period, and timely removal of weeds. After emergence, 5 cm wide small shovels can be used for shallow cultivating up to 2 to 3 cm, especially for each After watering, the surface of the land should be promptly cultivated. The cultivating principle is easy to shallow and not easy to prevent injury to the bulb.
3.3 Picking buds, rickets Due to the high level of fertilizer and water management and individual ball is too large, buds tend to appear during growth. After budding, they should be promptly removed to prevent consumption of nutrients and promote the growth and expansion of the bulb. At the same time, if a diseased plant is found in the whole growth period, a small number of plants should be dug out in time and brought out of the field or burned in a concentrated manner. In addition, the leaves of the tasselling corn under the ear should be knocked out later. Increase light ventilation to reduce the occurrence of lily disease. The management technology of corn throughout the growing period is the same as that of Daejeon.
3.4 Diseases and pests control Diseases of lilies mainly include diseases such as epidemics, gray molds and virus diseases. Lily pests mainly include roundworms, spotted lilies, and underground pests. The disease mainly harms the roots and stems, but also harms the stems, leaves, flowers, and bulbs. The affected area is flooded with spots. It then turns brown and shrinks. The plants wither. The stems break off from the victim and die. In the early stages, 40% of the time can be sprayed. Aluminium phosphorus trichloride 300 times, 25% 500 grams of rifampicin. Botrytis cinerea is a common disease in cultivation, which damages leaves, buds, stems and flowers. It can be sprayed with 50% Formamide WP 600 times and 70% thiophanate-methyl WP 800 times in the early stage of disease. Virus disease damage is mainly manifested as plant dwarf, malformation, leaf green spot generation or white and green bands and necrosis, leaf distortion, plant growth, color variation, the early onset of the virus can be used to wet the 500 times liquid spray, can also be used Jiner Kang 200 times, 20% of nannanmycin 200 ~ 260 times spray control, while completely eliminating aphids. Underground pests can be treated with poison valleys and toxic soils. Liriomyza sativae can use 70% submerged gram of 10 grams per 667 square meters, spraying 50 kilograms of water, and the locusts can be sprayed with 10% Bidan 1500 times spray.
4. Harvesting and storage of bulbs Bulbs are harvested before they are frozen in the soil. The harvest is harvested from about the end of September to the beginning of October in the region. The method is to use 4 teeth fork to excavate the bulb, must be careful not to hurt the bulb and root system, do not immediately separate the cue ball and the ball, to dry in the shade 1 to 2 days (Never Place it in the sun, then go to mud and separate the ball. The soil can not be removed, can be washed with 5 ~ 10 °C water, washed dry, and then the ball size classification, respectively, into the peat soil filled with plastic bags (small holes in the plastic bag), and then pack . The peat soil should be disinfected with 50% carbendazim 800 times. Place the packed box in a well-ventilated room at 5°C. After 4 weeks of keeping, the temperature can be maintained for a long time. It can sleep for about 7 months, such as temperature control. Well, bulbs can be stored for more than one year.
Author: Kazuo County Agricultural Center, Chaoyang City, Liaoning Province