Pond fish farming techniques
2018-04-26 14:00:34
1. Fundamental concepts of freshwater fish farming Freshwater fish farming is the production of high-yield fish by placing the fish species in the water body and subjecting it to certain feeding management or breeding and protection of the fish resources in the water body. At present, there are more than 30 species of freshwater fish culture in China. According to the characteristics of farmed fish, water conditions, and aquaculture measures, freshwater fish farming is divided into the following ways:
According to the requirements for water temperature of farmed fish, the classification is as follows: warm-water fish breeding, general water temperature is 15_30°C, such as carp, grass carp, grass carp, clam, pupae, and head louse; cold water freshwater fish culture: general optimum temperature is 10_20 °C, such as rainbow trout, small-scale fish, etc.; hot-water fish farming: general optimum temperature is 18_30 °C, such as tilapia, freshwater whitefish and so on.
2. According to the aquaculture water conditions, types and specifications of fish culture, types of waters, and aquaculture measures, freshwater fish culture is divided into the following ways:
a. Still water fish farming and running water fish farming
b. Monoculture, polyculture and nesting
c. Pond fish farming, rice field fish farming, river fish farming, lake fish farming, reservoir fish farming, cage fish farming, fence and fence fish farming, and factory fish farming.
d. intensive, semi-intensive, extensive culture, etc.
3. The following is an important part of the pond fish culture technology.
Pond fish farming Fish farming is a method of fish farming used in most parts of China. At present, the production accounts for more than 60% of freshwater fish culture. It has the characteristics of small investment, large profits, quick results, and stable production.
Fish pond conditions:
Area: General fish pond area is 5_10 mu, which is easy to manage. Pro-fish ponds, fry pools, fish ponds are suitable for 3-5 acres.
Depth of water: Generally, the depth of fish pond is 2_3 meters. The wintering pool in the north is preferably 1.5-2 meters below the thickest ice layer. Fry pond, hatching pool water depth of 1.0_1.5 m is appropriate. Fish ponds generally require water depths of 1.5-2.0 meters.
Water quality: The abundant water supply and good water quality are the fundamental conditions for fish farming.
Substratum requirements: The pond bottom is preferably loam, sandy loam, followed by clay.
4. Preparation before stocking Rest the pond, remove weeds, impurities, and level the pond.
a. Clear pond disinfection method clear pond: that is, the winter draining water, through the bottom of the pool to freeze, dry and exposing the sun to remove predators, improve the bottom material.
Clear medicine: quicklime or bleach can be used.
b. Water injection and cultivation Water quality After the pond is disinfected, when the toxicity of the drug disappears, you can live in fresh water. Before the fish species are stocked for 7-10 days, both the base fertilizer and the water quality can be cultivated.
5. The stocking of large-scale fish stocks is a high-yielding measure of pond fish farming. Large-sized fish species have the characteristics of strong disease resistance, high survival rate, and rapid growth. Under pond rearing conditions, grass carp are generally stocked with fish species weighing 0.25 kg. After 4 months of raising, they can reach 0.5_0.75 kg in the autumn, and 0.5_0.75 kg in stock can grow to 1.0_1.5 kg. Squid generally put one-year-old fish species, 12_18 cm specifications, to the pond up to 0.5_0.75 kg. Other fish such as squid, cockroach and head bream are stocked with one-year-old fingerlings, which are slightly more dense and have a size of about 12-14 cm. After several months of feeding, squid can reach a specification of 0.5 kilograms and a head of maggot 150-350 g. More than 100 grams of salmon.
6. High-yield stocking mode:
Based on the experience of many years of breeding, various places have scientifically summarized and formulated a number of stocking patterns, which are not listed here. Here are only 80:20 stocking techniques introduced:
1). Prepare the pond using the standard method described above.
2). Put the fish species that can feed pellet feed (such as carp) and the filter fish species (such as carp) with uniform specifications into the prepared pond, which are roughly equal to the total output respectively. 80% and 20%.
3). Feed 80% of the fish in a nutritious, well-characterized pellet feed, in accordance with defined schedules and methods.
4). Always maintain pond water quality at a level that will not cause fish stress during the entire culture cycle.
5). At the time of harvest, individuals of the main fish (80%) should be uniform in size and reach the market specifications.
7. The stocking densities of the fish species used throughout the stocking density should be based on the conditions of the pond. For the first time a farmer adopts the 80:20 pond fish culture technique, the weight of the main fish when harvested per acre of water does not exceed the following limits:
a. In ponds with limited oxygen enrichment and no flushing, the fish weight is set at 167 kg;
b. In the pond where the oxygen is not restricted and the flushing is restricted, the fish weight is set at 267 kg;
c. In ponds where both oxygenation and flushing are not restricted, the fish weight is set at 400 kg;
d. Together with the 20% weight of fish reared, the total fish weight of ponds a, b and c is 209 kg, 333 kg and 400 kg, respectively.
e. If it is desired that the average size of outlet ponds is 500 g, the total number of fish released in ponds a, b and c is 418, 666 and 800 respectively. Among them, the main fish accounted for 80%, and fish rearing accounted for 20%.
8. The good management of rearing and management of pond fish is an important factor for successful breeding. The ultimate goal of farming is to maximize profits. The greatest profit is achieved by maintaining a balance between the production cost and the quality and quantity of fish species, the quality of feed, the amount of feed, and the quality of the environment. Scientific feeding and management can be summarized in the following eight aspects:
a. Always visit the pond, observe the dynamics of the fish in the pond, observe the fish ponds in the early, middle and late days every day. Observe the floating heads of the fish before the dawn and how the floating head is. In the daytime, combine the feeding and measuring the water temperature to check the fishes. Activities and eating conditions. In the hot season, when the weather changes abruptly, the fishes are liable to have serious floating heads, and they should also inspect the ponds around midnight to stop serious floating heads and prevent flooding.
b. Weeding and decontamination, keeping fresh water and environmental sanitation in the pond, and preventing disease in a timely manner.
c. Grasp the drainage and drainage of ponds, maintain appropriate amount of water, prevent floods and droughts, prevent fish from being fleeing, and inject water once every 10 to 15 days according to the situation, so as to supplement the consumption of evaporation, so that the fish have sufficient comfortable space and a good living environment.
d. According to the days, water temperature, season, water quality, fish growth and eating conditions, determine the amount of feeding, timely prevention work.
e. Do a good job of budgeting and allocating feed and fertilizer requirements throughout the year.
f. Reasonably use aerators, feeders and other fishery machinery, do a good job of maintenance and electricity.
g. Pay attention to the market conditions and arrange out of the pond in a timely manner. Wherever conditions permit, you can do a good round of rotation.
Doing a good job of recording and statistical analysis of pond diaries specifically includes the following aspects:
Fish species stocking and planned harvesting, actual harvest records, feeding and fertilization records, water quality management and fish disease records, economic benefit analysis.
The above are the main points of pond fish farming technology. The eight words can be summarized systematically:
a. The water must have sufficient water, good water quality, suitable water temperature, and spacious water surface;
b. The species must have high-quality breeds and large-scale fish species that are physically robust;
c. The bait must have a nutritious and comprehensive artificial pellet feed;
d. Density at a higher density for higher yields;
f. mix appropriate mixed fertilizers for water-based fish;
g. Wheels can do well in catching rotations, and they can also engage in rotation to raise fish and to lay fish.
We must prevent and conscientiously do a good job of preventing and curing diseases, and implement the principle of "early disease prevention, disease-free prevention, and prevention-based treatment."
According to the requirements for water temperature of farmed fish, the classification is as follows: warm-water fish breeding, general water temperature is 15_30°C, such as carp, grass carp, grass carp, clam, pupae, and head louse; cold water freshwater fish culture: general optimum temperature is 10_20 °C, such as rainbow trout, small-scale fish, etc.; hot-water fish farming: general optimum temperature is 18_30 °C, such as tilapia, freshwater whitefish and so on.
2. According to the aquaculture water conditions, types and specifications of fish culture, types of waters, and aquaculture measures, freshwater fish culture is divided into the following ways:
a. Still water fish farming and running water fish farming
b. Monoculture, polyculture and nesting
c. Pond fish farming, rice field fish farming, river fish farming, lake fish farming, reservoir fish farming, cage fish farming, fence and fence fish farming, and factory fish farming.
d. intensive, semi-intensive, extensive culture, etc.
3. The following is an important part of the pond fish culture technology.
Pond fish farming Fish farming is a method of fish farming used in most parts of China. At present, the production accounts for more than 60% of freshwater fish culture. It has the characteristics of small investment, large profits, quick results, and stable production.
Fish pond conditions:
Area: General fish pond area is 5_10 mu, which is easy to manage. Pro-fish ponds, fry pools, fish ponds are suitable for 3-5 acres.
Depth of water: Generally, the depth of fish pond is 2_3 meters. The wintering pool in the north is preferably 1.5-2 meters below the thickest ice layer. Fry pond, hatching pool water depth of 1.0_1.5 m is appropriate. Fish ponds generally require water depths of 1.5-2.0 meters.
Water quality: The abundant water supply and good water quality are the fundamental conditions for fish farming.
Substratum requirements: The pond bottom is preferably loam, sandy loam, followed by clay.
4. Preparation before stocking Rest the pond, remove weeds, impurities, and level the pond.
a. Clear pond disinfection method clear pond: that is, the winter draining water, through the bottom of the pool to freeze, dry and exposing the sun to remove predators, improve the bottom material.
Clear medicine: quicklime or bleach can be used.
b. Water injection and cultivation Water quality After the pond is disinfected, when the toxicity of the drug disappears, you can live in fresh water. Before the fish species are stocked for 7-10 days, both the base fertilizer and the water quality can be cultivated.
5. The stocking of large-scale fish stocks is a high-yielding measure of pond fish farming. Large-sized fish species have the characteristics of strong disease resistance, high survival rate, and rapid growth. Under pond rearing conditions, grass carp are generally stocked with fish species weighing 0.25 kg. After 4 months of raising, they can reach 0.5_0.75 kg in the autumn, and 0.5_0.75 kg in stock can grow to 1.0_1.5 kg. Squid generally put one-year-old fish species, 12_18 cm specifications, to the pond up to 0.5_0.75 kg. Other fish such as squid, cockroach and head bream are stocked with one-year-old fingerlings, which are slightly more dense and have a size of about 12-14 cm. After several months of feeding, squid can reach a specification of 0.5 kilograms and a head of maggot 150-350 g. More than 100 grams of salmon.
6. High-yield stocking mode:
Based on the experience of many years of breeding, various places have scientifically summarized and formulated a number of stocking patterns, which are not listed here. Here are only 80:20 stocking techniques introduced:
1). Prepare the pond using the standard method described above.
2). Put the fish species that can feed pellet feed (such as carp) and the filter fish species (such as carp) with uniform specifications into the prepared pond, which are roughly equal to the total output respectively. 80% and 20%.
3). Feed 80% of the fish in a nutritious, well-characterized pellet feed, in accordance with defined schedules and methods.
4). Always maintain pond water quality at a level that will not cause fish stress during the entire culture cycle.
5). At the time of harvest, individuals of the main fish (80%) should be uniform in size and reach the market specifications.
7. The stocking densities of the fish species used throughout the stocking density should be based on the conditions of the pond. For the first time a farmer adopts the 80:20 pond fish culture technique, the weight of the main fish when harvested per acre of water does not exceed the following limits:
a. In ponds with limited oxygen enrichment and no flushing, the fish weight is set at 167 kg;
b. In the pond where the oxygen is not restricted and the flushing is restricted, the fish weight is set at 267 kg;
c. In ponds where both oxygenation and flushing are not restricted, the fish weight is set at 400 kg;
d. Together with the 20% weight of fish reared, the total fish weight of ponds a, b and c is 209 kg, 333 kg and 400 kg, respectively.
e. If it is desired that the average size of outlet ponds is 500 g, the total number of fish released in ponds a, b and c is 418, 666 and 800 respectively. Among them, the main fish accounted for 80%, and fish rearing accounted for 20%.
8. The good management of rearing and management of pond fish is an important factor for successful breeding. The ultimate goal of farming is to maximize profits. The greatest profit is achieved by maintaining a balance between the production cost and the quality and quantity of fish species, the quality of feed, the amount of feed, and the quality of the environment. Scientific feeding and management can be summarized in the following eight aspects:
a. Always visit the pond, observe the dynamics of the fish in the pond, observe the fish ponds in the early, middle and late days every day. Observe the floating heads of the fish before the dawn and how the floating head is. In the daytime, combine the feeding and measuring the water temperature to check the fishes. Activities and eating conditions. In the hot season, when the weather changes abruptly, the fishes are liable to have serious floating heads, and they should also inspect the ponds around midnight to stop serious floating heads and prevent flooding.
b. Weeding and decontamination, keeping fresh water and environmental sanitation in the pond, and preventing disease in a timely manner.
c. Grasp the drainage and drainage of ponds, maintain appropriate amount of water, prevent floods and droughts, prevent fish from being fleeing, and inject water once every 10 to 15 days according to the situation, so as to supplement the consumption of evaporation, so that the fish have sufficient comfortable space and a good living environment.
d. According to the days, water temperature, season, water quality, fish growth and eating conditions, determine the amount of feeding, timely prevention work.
e. Do a good job of budgeting and allocating feed and fertilizer requirements throughout the year.
f. Reasonably use aerators, feeders and other fishery machinery, do a good job of maintenance and electricity.
g. Pay attention to the market conditions and arrange out of the pond in a timely manner. Wherever conditions permit, you can do a good round of rotation.
Doing a good job of recording and statistical analysis of pond diaries specifically includes the following aspects:
Fish species stocking and planned harvesting, actual harvest records, feeding and fertilization records, water quality management and fish disease records, economic benefit analysis.
The above are the main points of pond fish farming technology. The eight words can be summarized systematically:
a. The water must have sufficient water, good water quality, suitable water temperature, and spacious water surface;
b. The species must have high-quality breeds and large-scale fish species that are physically robust;
c. The bait must have a nutritious and comprehensive artificial pellet feed;
d. Density at a higher density for higher yields;
f. mix appropriate mixed fertilizers for water-based fish;
g. Wheels can do well in catching rotations, and they can also engage in rotation to raise fish and to lay fish.
We must prevent and conscientiously do a good job of preventing and curing diseases, and implement the principle of "early disease prevention, disease-free prevention, and prevention-based treatment."