Oolong tea planting technology
2021-08-24 03:20:23
First, base selection
Choose ecological environment, air cleanliness, convenient transportation, away from factories, mines, traffic roads, soil depth of more than 1 meter, soil PH value between 4.5-6.5, soil structure is good red and yellow soil, and there is no pollution around The hill farm serves as a production base for green food tea.
Second, tea planting
1. The tea garden is open. In the mountain field with a slope of more than 15 degrees, a contour bench top is established. The height of the bench is low, the height of the bench is high, there is a bamboo groove, the width of the table is more than 1.5 meters, and the depth of the planting ditch is more than 50 cm. According to the terrain of the mountain, take a big bend. Take advantage of the trend, small bends straight way to open. At the same time establish a tea garden road system. Easy to work and walk.
2, seedlings and species selection. Choose varieties that adapt to the local natural conditions, cold resistance, pest resistance, strong resistance, high yield and high quality. Seedling quality meets the standards stipulated in GB11767-1989, and the varieties are selected from the clones Tieguanyin, Jin Guanyin, Benshan and other suitable varieties of oolong tea.
3, planting seedlings. Before planting, 300 kg of decomposed organic fertilizer was applied per acre of tea plantation. Fertilization depth was less than 30 cm, and planting was conducted in a double line plant.
Third, fertilizer management
1, the choice of fertilizer. Mainly organic fertilizers, limited use of limited chemical fertilizers, to ensure the growth of tea tree nutrient demand, ensure the safety of green food tea quality, promote the sustainable production of the garden.
2, the use of fertilizers.
(1) Base fertilizer. During the period of October-November of each year, the method of furrowing is used to apply 150 kg of cooked rapeseed cake per acre of tea plantation.
(2) Dressing. According to the growth of the tea tree, ammonium sulfate potassium sulfate compound fertilizer is used as topdressing fertilizer. Normally, it is top-dressed twice a year. It is applied once in February and early August of that year, and each time the fertilizer is 30 kg. Immediately below the canopy, dig a 20 cm ditch vertically, cover the soil with fertilization, and spread it on rainy days.
Fourth, pest control. Promote the harmless technology of tea disease, insects and grass, focus on improving tea plantation environment, make use of the natural control capabilities of tea plantations, adhere to the prevention and control of agriculture, develop biological control, protect and utilize natural enemies resources, and reduce the number and use of pesticides. Promote the use of highly efficient, low-toxic, low-residue and environmentally friendly pesticides, prohibit the use of pesticides that are prohibited by the state, and implement the Regulations of the People's Republic of China on Pesticide Management, NY/T 394-2000 Standards for the Use of Green Food Fertilizers, and NY/T 393-2000 in the production process. Guidelines for the use of green food and pesticides shall be strictly followed in accordance with the “Pesticides and Fertilizers Management System†formulated by the unit, and shall comply with the safety interval regulations to ensure that the tea product raw materials meet the standards and requirements for green food.
1, agricultural control:
(1) Weeding. In each of May and September, a weeding operation was performed to remove the grass.
(2) deep flip. Every year in October-November, a deep dumping of the garden will be carried out, with a depth of 25-30 cm, which will improve the soil structure, destroy the wintering sites for pests and diseases, and reduce the occurrence of pests and diseases in the following year.
(3) trim. In February, the depth of 3-5 cm on the picking surface was lightly trimmed to remove small claws, chicken claws, and diseased shoots on the crown surface.
(4) picking. According to the requirements of tea varieties, the production season will be timely classified, divided, and batched to pick fresh leaves, and timely remove fresh leaves and shoots damaged by pests and diseases.
(5) Clear Garden. Remove pests, branches, leaves, and weeds in the tea plantations and on the ground, and burn them centrally or deeply to destroy the places where the pests and diseases have passed winter. Reduce the incidence of pests and diseases.
2, biological control. To protect and use the beneficial parasitic and predatory natural enemies in tea gardens, and to minimize or eliminate the use of chemical pesticides during the breeding period of natural enemies, so as to reduce the damage to natural enemies and achieve the effects of treating insects with insects, treating insects with bacteria, and treating diseases with bacteria. Ensure product quality and safety.
3, chemical control. The use of pesticides prohibited by the State is prohibited, the monitoring of pests and diseases is strengthened, the occurrence of pests and diseases in tea gardens is controlled, timely prevention and control are carried out, the effect of prevention and control is improved, and the use of pesticides and the number of uses are reduced. In order to ensure that the product meets the quality standards of green foods, appropriate prevention and control measures are taken in light of the fact that local tea plants are prone to pests such as tea green leafhoppers and cockroaches.
Tea green leafhopper: One year control twice.
For the first time: In the middle of May, the use of 2.5% of the joint chrysanthemum oil solution, 30 ml/mu, and 1500 times of the liquid, spraying the leaves, and spraying the tea for 10 days.
Second time: In mid-September, 10% imidacloprid powder, 24 g/mu, 3000 times, was sprayed on the leaves, and tea was collected after spraying for 14 days.
Prevention of leaf aphid: once a year control.
At the end of November after the tea tree picking speed, 45% lime sulfur crystals, 250-375 g/mu, and 150 times liquid were used for prevention and control.
Fifth, tea tree pruning
According to the different tree ages, growth trends, and trimming purposes, young trees are used for shaping and pruning, mature trees are lightly pruned, and deep pruning methods are used to cultivate and optimize the canopy structure, strengthen the tree body, extend the tree age, and increase the resistance of tea trees. Disease and insect power. The light trimming of the young and young trees is generally carried out in a flat or curved manner, and the small pile heads and thin branches on the canopy surface are removed, and the depth is preferably 5 to 10 cm.
Six, tea picking
According to the growth characteristics of the tea tree and the requirements of tea processing, it adopts combination of harvesting and breeding, adapting to local conditions, and picking it according to the standard in batches, stages, and grades. When picking tea, use hand-picking or machine-picking methods, use clean and ventilated baskets to prevent fresh leaves from deteriorating or mixing with other harmful substances. The picking standard is for small open-face two-leaf and three-leaf picking, at 9:00 am on sunny days. After 00, it will be harvested in about 2 hours to ensure the quality of fresh leaves.
Choose ecological environment, air cleanliness, convenient transportation, away from factories, mines, traffic roads, soil depth of more than 1 meter, soil PH value between 4.5-6.5, soil structure is good red and yellow soil, and there is no pollution around The hill farm serves as a production base for green food tea.
Second, tea planting
1. The tea garden is open. In the mountain field with a slope of more than 15 degrees, a contour bench top is established. The height of the bench is low, the height of the bench is high, there is a bamboo groove, the width of the table is more than 1.5 meters, and the depth of the planting ditch is more than 50 cm. According to the terrain of the mountain, take a big bend. Take advantage of the trend, small bends straight way to open. At the same time establish a tea garden road system. Easy to work and walk.
2, seedlings and species selection. Choose varieties that adapt to the local natural conditions, cold resistance, pest resistance, strong resistance, high yield and high quality. Seedling quality meets the standards stipulated in GB11767-1989, and the varieties are selected from the clones Tieguanyin, Jin Guanyin, Benshan and other suitable varieties of oolong tea.
3, planting seedlings. Before planting, 300 kg of decomposed organic fertilizer was applied per acre of tea plantation. Fertilization depth was less than 30 cm, and planting was conducted in a double line plant.
Third, fertilizer management
1, the choice of fertilizer. Mainly organic fertilizers, limited use of limited chemical fertilizers, to ensure the growth of tea tree nutrient demand, ensure the safety of green food tea quality, promote the sustainable production of the garden.
2, the use of fertilizers.
(1) Base fertilizer. During the period of October-November of each year, the method of furrowing is used to apply 150 kg of cooked rapeseed cake per acre of tea plantation.
(2) Dressing. According to the growth of the tea tree, ammonium sulfate potassium sulfate compound fertilizer is used as topdressing fertilizer. Normally, it is top-dressed twice a year. It is applied once in February and early August of that year, and each time the fertilizer is 30 kg. Immediately below the canopy, dig a 20 cm ditch vertically, cover the soil with fertilization, and spread it on rainy days.
Fourth, pest control. Promote the harmless technology of tea disease, insects and grass, focus on improving tea plantation environment, make use of the natural control capabilities of tea plantations, adhere to the prevention and control of agriculture, develop biological control, protect and utilize natural enemies resources, and reduce the number and use of pesticides. Promote the use of highly efficient, low-toxic, low-residue and environmentally friendly pesticides, prohibit the use of pesticides that are prohibited by the state, and implement the Regulations of the People's Republic of China on Pesticide Management, NY/T 394-2000 Standards for the Use of Green Food Fertilizers, and NY/T 393-2000 in the production process. Guidelines for the use of green food and pesticides shall be strictly followed in accordance with the “Pesticides and Fertilizers Management System†formulated by the unit, and shall comply with the safety interval regulations to ensure that the tea product raw materials meet the standards and requirements for green food.
1, agricultural control:
(1) Weeding. In each of May and September, a weeding operation was performed to remove the grass.
(2) deep flip. Every year in October-November, a deep dumping of the garden will be carried out, with a depth of 25-30 cm, which will improve the soil structure, destroy the wintering sites for pests and diseases, and reduce the occurrence of pests and diseases in the following year.
(3) trim. In February, the depth of 3-5 cm on the picking surface was lightly trimmed to remove small claws, chicken claws, and diseased shoots on the crown surface.
(4) picking. According to the requirements of tea varieties, the production season will be timely classified, divided, and batched to pick fresh leaves, and timely remove fresh leaves and shoots damaged by pests and diseases.
(5) Clear Garden. Remove pests, branches, leaves, and weeds in the tea plantations and on the ground, and burn them centrally or deeply to destroy the places where the pests and diseases have passed winter. Reduce the incidence of pests and diseases.
2, biological control. To protect and use the beneficial parasitic and predatory natural enemies in tea gardens, and to minimize or eliminate the use of chemical pesticides during the breeding period of natural enemies, so as to reduce the damage to natural enemies and achieve the effects of treating insects with insects, treating insects with bacteria, and treating diseases with bacteria. Ensure product quality and safety.
3, chemical control. The use of pesticides prohibited by the State is prohibited, the monitoring of pests and diseases is strengthened, the occurrence of pests and diseases in tea gardens is controlled, timely prevention and control are carried out, the effect of prevention and control is improved, and the use of pesticides and the number of uses are reduced. In order to ensure that the product meets the quality standards of green foods, appropriate prevention and control measures are taken in light of the fact that local tea plants are prone to pests such as tea green leafhoppers and cockroaches.
Tea green leafhopper: One year control twice.
For the first time: In the middle of May, the use of 2.5% of the joint chrysanthemum oil solution, 30 ml/mu, and 1500 times of the liquid, spraying the leaves, and spraying the tea for 10 days.
Second time: In mid-September, 10% imidacloprid powder, 24 g/mu, 3000 times, was sprayed on the leaves, and tea was collected after spraying for 14 days.
Prevention of leaf aphid: once a year control.
At the end of November after the tea tree picking speed, 45% lime sulfur crystals, 250-375 g/mu, and 150 times liquid were used for prevention and control.
Fifth, tea tree pruning
According to the different tree ages, growth trends, and trimming purposes, young trees are used for shaping and pruning, mature trees are lightly pruned, and deep pruning methods are used to cultivate and optimize the canopy structure, strengthen the tree body, extend the tree age, and increase the resistance of tea trees. Disease and insect power. The light trimming of the young and young trees is generally carried out in a flat or curved manner, and the small pile heads and thin branches on the canopy surface are removed, and the depth is preferably 5 to 10 cm.
Six, tea picking
According to the growth characteristics of the tea tree and the requirements of tea processing, it adopts combination of harvesting and breeding, adapting to local conditions, and picking it according to the standard in batches, stages, and grades. When picking tea, use hand-picking or machine-picking methods, use clean and ventilated baskets to prevent fresh leaves from deteriorating or mixing with other harmful substances. The picking standard is for small open-face two-leaf and three-leaf picking, at 9:00 am on sunny days. After 00, it will be harvested in about 2 hours to ensure the quality of fresh leaves.
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