Details how to cultivate cherries

I. Variety selection, establishment of gardens and planting We have focused on the promotion of cherries and yellow lantern cherries (which are Chinese cherries).
China's cherry has a weak cold resistance, a warm and moist climate, and is suitable for cultivation at an annual average temperature of 15 to 16°C. Sweet cherry likes cool and dry. Cherry natural sleep is about 80 to 100 days. The amount of cold required for sweet cherries to sleep is 1,100 to 1300 hours, which is less than 7.2°C. Sour cherry needs 1200 to 2500 hours. Chinese cherries have a short dormancy period and are prone to germinate at early winter when the temperature is warmer. In case of “cold spring” (frost or snow), freezing of flower organs will seriously affect the yield and even cause crop failure. Therefore, we must pay attention to whether the time of the low-temperature cold wave invading each spring coincides with the flowering period, and we must not plant in places where unfavorable weather (frost, snow, high winds, etc.) occurs during cherry flowering year after year. Even if there are few places where severe weather occurs, we must choose suitable small-scale plantations when we build the park.
Annual rainfall suitable for cherry growth is generally 700 to 1000 mm. Some areas in the south should fully consider how to solve the "spring early" problem when setting up a park. Because drought in the early stage of fruit growth can cause serious fruit drop and affect fruit growth and development.
Cherry is a light tree species, Chinese cherry is more shade-tolerant, but the light is good, the fruit matures early and the coloring is good.
Cherry is suitable for cultivation in fertile, sandy soil with deep soil. The pH of the soil is generally PH6.0-7.5.
The vertical distribution of Chinese cherry roots is generally concentrated in soil layers about 20 cm deep, requiring loose soil and good drainage and irrigation conditions. Heavy clay is not suitable for cherries. Due to the impatience of cherry transport, the park should be built in a convenient location.
The planting density should be different depending on the variety, rootstock, and soil conditions. In the fertile plains, the Chinese cherry is planted in a Y shape and can be planted in 1×3 meters and 220 plants per acre. If a natural plexiform or naturally happy shape is used, it can be 2 to 3 meters by 3 to 4 meters. . Infancy can be appropriately increased in density, and measures can be taken after the park is completed.
Planting time is generally divided into autumn and spring. In spring, cold, dry and windy areas should be planted in Yichun. Spring plants should be planted before germination. You can plant it in winter in a warm place.
Before planting, the soil should be deep-ripened and matured to dig a large planting hole. Apply 25-50 kg organic fertilizer per hole. Mix the fertilizer and the soil, then plant the seedlings, and immediately pour the root water.
Second, soil and fertilizer water management Cherry soil management, according to our experimental observations that: irrigation and coverage in spring, other seasons, the management method of co-cultivation and weeding better. As the coverage reduced the impact of spring drought on plants, it has a good effect on fruit growth. After the cherry is harvested, remove or bury the covering. According to calculations, general adult gardens should cover 2000-2,500 kilograms of straw per acre. Cherry trees should be fertilized 3 to 4 times a year. which is:
1. Fertilization after fruit harvesting is mainly to restore tree vigor, promote flower bud differentiation, and increase production in the coming year. Immediately after fruit picking, apply manure and livestock manure, and add appropriate quantification fertilizer. As a result, the number of livestock manure per plant is 30-60 kg.
2. Fertilizer Topdressing Fertilizer Topdressing Nitrogen-based fertilizers. 15 to 20 kg of poultry manure water per plant, or 0.5 kg of urea.
3, fruit speed long-term fertilization after Xiehua, into the fruit development. The results of the tree should be followed by fast-acting fertilizer once, and with a suitable amount of phosphorus and potassium fertilizers.
4. Apply basal fertilizer in the fall from September to October (in the warm southern region in May to November). Apply basal fertilizer before defoliation to rejuvenate the vigor and increase the amount of nutrients stored in the plant. Since the cherries only need more than 40 days from flowering to fruit ripening, the amount of nutrients stored affects the size and quality of the fruit to a large extent. Therefore, the application of basal fertilizer is very important, and it needs to account for 50-70% of the annual fertilization amount. It should be mainly organic fertilizer, such as compost, circulatory fertilizer, chicken manure, cooked bean cake, etc., and appropriate amount of superphosphate or calcium phosphate fertilizer should be added. .
In addition to the above-mentioned soil fertilization, spraying 0.5% urea twice, or 600 times potassium dihydrogen phosphate, or 0.3% borax in the interval between the early flowering stage and the flowering stage once every 10 days will help increase the fruit setting rate.
Third, shaping pruning
1, plastic
1.1 The natural cluster shape is a common tree shape of Chinese cherries. Generally 5 to 6 main branches, extending to extend around the open, each main branch with 3 to 4 lateral branches. As a result, branches grow on the main and lateral branches. After the main branch has become senescent, it is renewed using the sprouting bud. The angle of this tree is more open and faster. The result is early. However, the inside of the crown is easy to close.
1.2 natural happy shape is mostly used for sweet cherries. Dry height 30 to 40 cm, the whole tree has three main branches, branching angle of 30 degrees. The center was initially kept dry. After 4-5 years of planting, the center dry was removed. This tree shape is easy to reshape, has a small amount of pruning, opens the crown, and has good ventilation and light transmission. The result is early, the yield is high, and the fruit quality is also good.
1.3 The trunk sparse dry height 40 to 60 cm, with center dry. The number of main branches is from 6 to 7, divided into 3 to 4 layers and scattered on the center. The first three branches, the opening angle of 50 to 60 degrees; the second layer of two main branches, opening angle of about 45 degrees, the third and fourth layers have a main branch. The first and second layer spacing is 60-80 cm, and the second and third layer spacing is 40-50 cm. The upper layer spacing can be appropriately smaller. Each branch is equipped with 2 to 4 lateral branches. At the same time, the resulting sticks were cultivated on all levels of the backbone.
1.4 "Y-shaped" tree This tree-shaped row is north-south, with two main branches per plant symmetrical on both sides. The tree is well ventilated and light-transmitting, with easy flowering, suitable for close planting, convenient management, and good fruit quality.
2, pruning
2.1 pruning should pay attention to issues cherry branch is divided into development branches and the results of two types of branches, young trees on the development of more branches, its front end buds extend the growth of the expansion of the crown, the lower axillary buds results in the branches. After entering the result period, most of the annual apical buds were buds outside the leaves. The axillary buds were mostly flower buds and were called the result branches. The results were divided into long fruit branches (15-20 cm), middle fruit branches (5-15 cm), short fruit branches (5 cm), and flower-like fruit branches (1-2 cm). Seen from the results of the ability, long fruit branches have poor fruit strength, which is generally about 40%; the fruiting ability of the middle fruit branch varies from variety to species; the short fruit branch has a high fruit setting rate, and the fruit quality is also good; the flower-like fruit branch is a fruity period. The main result on the branch, the fruit set rate can reach 80%. The fruit is of the best quality and has a long life span. The result is continuous for 10 to 20 years. The result is that the branches and flowers are the basis of yield formation. Chinese cherry and sour cherries have a large proportion of long and middle fruiting branches in the early fruit period, while short fruiting branches and flowering clusters dominate in the full fruit period.
2.2 Pruning of young trees In order to promote the early results of young trees, on the basis of plastic surgery, the degree of pruning of various types of branches should be light, and the main focus of the growing period is topping. In order to control the growth of shoots, increase branches and increase the canopy. The pruning time in winter should be postponed until the germination, so as to avoid shearing and dehydration. In addition to the main branch, extension of the short and appropriate sparse branches of some dense, cross-branch, the remaining middle and small branches should be retained as much as possible.
2.3 The pruning of the result tree is often performed after summer fruit pruning. Use sparse cutting to remove perennial branches that are too dense and disturb the crown, and then adjust the crown structure to promote flower bud formation. When removing large branches, take care that the wound is small and flat. When weed out the annual branches, we can cut them at the base of the flower buds and wait until the results are bald, then wipe them out. During pruning in winter, care should be taken to properly retract the 2 to 3 year old branches of the axillary branches and short fruit branches to stimulate vegetative growth and the continuous formation of new fruit branches and to prevent the outward movement of the resulting parts and the baldness inside the crown.
2.4 The main task of pruning the aging tree is to update the rejuvenation in time and use the strong growth leggy branches to form a new canopy. If the backbone branches are weak and have no result, they must be retracted in time. With the rejuvenation of crypto buds, the life of the buds of Chinese cherries is about 5 to 10 years. In order to retract branches, it is better to have small branches that grow more normally than at the retraction site. This has less damage to the tree. After retracting the trimmed branches, the branches were selected and their branches, branches, and branches were developed in the appropriate direction and position. Too many should be eliminated, and the rest should be short-cut, and branches should be promoted, and then slowly released to form the result. When major branches are renewed, they should also be taken after fruit harvesting so as not to cause wound flow.
Fourth, Baohua Baoguobaohua should pay attention to the management of fertilizer and water in the spring to promote the construction of flower organs completely and flowering normally. The purpose of fruit preservation is to increase the fruit setting rate of robust fruits. Measures include artificially-assisted pollination; pollination using insects and flower pollination; spraying of plant hormones such as gibberellins (GA3), PP333, and lufenwei foliar fertilizer; etc.; in order to promote strong fruits, thinning and fruit thinning are needed and prevention and mitigation are needed. Cracking fruit.
V. Prevention and control of diseases and pests The main diseases and pests of cherry trees include mulberry whiteworm, moth, pink neck beetle, apple wing beetle, golden edge gudgeon, beetle, pear borer and anthracnose, cherry leaf spot, and bacteria. For perforation, fluid injection, neck rot, etc., comprehensive measures should be taken to prevent and treat it. During winter pruning, the pests were cut off and burned, and at the same time, Baume 5 degree lime sulfur was sprayed in the deciduous stage; before the spring shoots were stopped, 40% dimethoate and 1200 times guanthiophene were sprayed. 800 times once; from July to August spray 50% marathon emulsion 1000 times plus 65% on behalf of the zinc 400 to 500 times once.

Floor-stand ATM

Floor-Stand Atm,Payment Atm Kiosk,Self-Service Atm Terminal,Lcd/Led Monitor Advertising Kiosk

Shenzhen Sunson Tech Co., Ltd , https://www.sunsonkiosk.com