Causes and Countermeasures of premature decline of peach trees

Peach has strong adaptability to the environment and is one of the more easily planted fruit tree species. The economic benefits of cultivation are good, but the premature aging phenomenon is serious.

First, the cause of premature aging

Peach trees are put into production early, but the recession is fast, and their own life span is also short, generally only 15 years. The current part of the fruit growers have a weak sense of scientific management of peach production. Therefore, extensive management and lack of technical skills are the direct causes of the premature decline of peach trees. Its performance is mainly in the following aspects:

1. Long-term waterlogging affects the growth and development of the root system. In the south, there is a lot of rain, especially in high altitude areas. Due to the large amount of clouds, fog, and rain, the relative humidity is high. For peach trees that are afraid of light, shallow roots and strong aerobics, if the drainage is not timely, it will easily affect the growth and development of their roots, and even rot, resulting in premature aging or death of the tree.

2. The lack of soil improvement and long-term appearance or shallow application of fertilizers will affect root growth. The soil in many areas in the south is mostly red and yellow, and the pH is between 4.5 and 6.5. The digging and base fertilizer before planting cannot reach the standard, and the lack of transformation or transformation is not enough to adapt to the growth of the peach root system. In addition, many orchards are inconvenient in transportation and cannot transport organic fertilizers, resulting in long-term appearance or shallow application of chemical fertilizers, partial application of nitrogenous fertilizers, neglect of the application of phosphorus and potassium fertilizers, and even years of non-fertilization, resulting in soil compaction and poor air permeability, resulting in physiological diseases of peach trees. Occurrences, such as yellow leaf disease (caused by iron deficiency), lobular disease (caused by zinc deficiency), and fruit shrinkage (caused by boron deficiency), cause early defoliation in some peach orchards, and severe tree death.

3. The lack of scientific pruning techniques has left the phenomenon of serious growth. Peach grows vigorously, is put into production quickly, and enters the full fruit period from the fourth year after planting, but it is also prone to premature aging, especially in the case of insufficient fertilizer and water. If the result is excessive, it fails to carry out fruit thinning and fruit thinning and let it grow. Or improper pruning, due to the influence of the apical dominance, resulting in strong and weak canopy, dead litchi, this is a serious problem that the current lack of scientific pruning technology.

4. Ineffective prevention measures. It is mainly caused by the effects of wind and rain, resulting in damage to the tree body and mechanical damage. It is also not handled in time, and it has not been completely cleared in the winter, and no trunk protection agent and canopy spray protection agent such as lime sulfur have been applied. Reasons for the premature decline of peach trees.

Second, to prevent the premature decline of peach trees

1. Adopt "macro acupuncture points", "big fats" and "strong seedlings", and change "fish scale pits" to "back-slope terraces" and plant bamboo ditch. The adoption of the “big hole”, “big fertilizer” and “strong seedlings” cultivation methods are the basis for the high yield of peach trees and the pre-conditions and prerequisites for preventing premature aging. Mountain slopes are large, and water and soil are easily lost, resulting in bare roots, declining crowns, etc., while the "back-slope terraces" countertops are inwardly inclined, "bamboo section ditch" can be set up, and reservoirs can be built in certain areas according to the topography. The protective effect can also facilitate the use of water in the garden.

2. Implement deep liquid fertilizer and measures to expand soil and improve soil. During the growth phase, topdressing should be done 25 to 40 cm deep, human urine and moderate amount of compound fertilizer should be applied, and it should be moved outwards year by year according to the scope of the crown, leaving no partitions and covering the soil after application, which is conducive to the extension of the root system to the deep. The peach trees entering the full fruit period must be expanded and soiled. That is, when the root growth of the peach tree is still at the peak in the middle-to-late September, 40 cm wide and 60 cm deep strips are dug on both sides of the canopy. Apply 100 kg of organic fertilizer (garbage, pig manure) to cover the soil and cover the straw in the tree tray. Later, it will be carried out once every three years according to the tree age and tree vigor, and will be shifted alternately on both sides of the crown. After the expansion of the hole, the orchard can not only improve the microclimate of the orchard, increase the light radiation, but also improve the physical and chemical properties of the soil, enhance the activity of soil enzymes, and meet the demand of peach trees for water, fertilizer, gas and heat. The growth and development of the root system creates good conditions, thereby increasing the resistance of the tree and delaying its own aging.

3. Scientific pruning. 1 Winter pruning: that is, after the winter leaves fall to the next spring sprout, depending on the degree of tree vigor aging, it adopts year-by-year retreat and windowing, focusing on the removal of branches and dense branches with no fertility, sickness and weakness to achieve the control of tree crown density. Shorten the distance of nutrient transportation, weaken the top advantage, and ease growth. Appropriately increase the spacing between the leaf and curtain layers to increase the photosynthetic effective area of ​​the leaf screen, and create favorable conditions for promoting new shoots, improving photosynthetic efficiency, promoting flower bud differentiation, and increasing fruit setting rate in the following year. 2 Pruning during growth period: remove excess sprouts in time, increase the effective photosynthesis area of ​​the crown, apply to strong branches or legume branches that can be used for topping, take measures such as opening the base angle, twisting tip, and girdling, so as to form a result branch; according to the tree body With growing trends, thinning and fruit thinning, only reasonable fruiting can ensure the balanced nutrition of the tree.

4. Take comprehensive prevention and control measures. The focus of comprehensive prevention and control measures is first of all agricultural measures. In addition to selecting suitable locally grown varieties, the orchards are interplanted with crops such as beans, vegetables, and green manure, and focus on the prevention of waterlogging, soil moisture conservation, adjustment of soil pH, expansion of soil, and application of organic fertilizers to promote peaches. The tree grows robustly and enhances the peach tree's resistance. The second is to do a good job of biological control measures, insect pest management, combination of point and surface treatment, rational adjustment of the amount of medication, protection of natural enemies, and improve the ecological environment, such as garden chickens, use their instinct with mites, reduce insects Source and so on. In addition, chemical control measures should be based on prevention. In addition to the rational use of drugs during the growth period, after the winter clearing of the garden, the tree sulfur can be sprayed with 3 to 5 Baume of sulfur to kill overwintering pathogens and some overwintering eggs, which can effectively prevent the occurrence of pests and diseases.

5. Strengthen the training of technical forces. In addition to the guidance of agricultural technicians to the countryside, strengthening technical training on the combination of theory and practice of fruit growers is also an effective way to improve the management level of the fruit farmers and prevent the premature decline of peach trees.

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