Take comprehensive measures to prevent corn grouting abnormalities
Cause Analysis
Cultivation methods (1) Cultivation density. The cultivation density is too high, the ventilation in the field is poor, and the photosynthesis of the plants is poor, which affects the supply of the nutrients needed for the formation of the ear, so that the grain is not full, and the phenomenon of baldness appears. (2) fertilizer and water factors. The ear-differentiation period lacks fertilizer and less water, photosynthesis is weak, and organic matter accumulation is small; or nitrogen and phosphorus deficiency and less potassium fertilizer, plant nutrient overgrowth, weakening the reproductive growth ability, easy to cause ear development, appearance of small ears , empty grains, lack of grain, baldness and other phenomena.
Apical dominance Maize tassels developed from the apical buds, and have a strong growth potential. Tassels differentiate 7-10 days earlier than the female ear, and the ear is developed from axillary buds, and the growth potential is weak. Once the external conditions are not conducive to growth, tassels will have an inhibitory effect on the ear, the use of apical dominance to absorb a large number of nutrients to the top, resulting in poor growth and development of the ear due to lack of nutrition, empty stalks, lack of grain phenomenon.
Climate factors (1) High temperature and drought. The suitable temperature for corn booting and pollination is 25-30°C, and the soil water holding capacity in the field should be 70%-80%. High temperature and drought will affect the absorption of nutrients and nutrient transformation in the root system of maize, and affect the differentiation rate of male and female ear, especially from the trumpet period to tasselling. It is a sensitive period of maize water demand. At this time, hot and dry weather, tassels are drawn out in advance, the ear of the female due to the top Advantages delayed silking, increased flowering and silking time, decreased pollen vitality, and poor filament adhesion, resulting in abnormal grouting of the ear. (2) low temperature and rain. When the corn tassel loose powder meets the continuous rain, the pollen grains easily swell and break up, die or stick into clumps, lose pollination ability, so that the female flower can not be normally fertilized, resulting in abnormal grouting of the ear.
The main pests affected were corn borer, fly smut, smut, head smut, and dwarfism. The sucking sap of the locusts causes tissue necrosis, and the discharged honeydew causes mold breeding, forming coal pollution covering the leaves, affecting photosynthesis, obstructing the transportation of nutrients, and leading to the occurrence of abnormal conditions such as empty stalks.
Precaution
Reasonable close planting determines the planting density based on the variety characteristics and fertility level. Large panicle type generally 3000-3500 per acre (row spacing 60 cm, spacing 35 cm); spikelet type 4000 per acre (row spacing 50 cm, spacing 35 cm), fertility field block density should be small, otherwise Should be big.
Coordinating fertilizer-based basal application of organic fertilizer to ensure that the seedlings are homogeneous, uniform and strong. The balanced application of N, P, and K fertilizers was combined with Dingmiao application of compound fertilizer at the time of initiation of the 5 leaves. The amount of compound fertilizer accounted for 60% of the total amount of the compound fertilizer in the whole growth period; the remaining 40% of the compound fertilizer was applied when the leaves were expanded at 12-13. In terms of water supply, corn needs the most water from the jointing stage to the heading filling stage, and the critical period of water requirement is one month before and after tasselling. The water holding capacity of the field is required to be 70%-80%. In addition, corn is not tolerant, and it is necessary to drain and drain water in time after the rain.
Breaking the apical dominance Maize withdrawing silkworms during the bad weather in the bad weather can reduce the incidence of empty stalks.
Timely prevention and control of insect pest corn should be controlled during the incubation period of egg incubation; by adjusting the sowing date, pest management at the seedling stage to prevent the dwarf disease; tasseling after the prevention and control of aphids.
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