Cows want to keep up with safety, high-yield drinking water management
Scientific and reasonable drinking water plays an important role in the life activities and milk production performance of dairy cows. Water accounts for about 65% of the cow's weight and milk has more than 5% of water content. Dairy cows that produce 50 kilograms of milk each day need 50 to 70 kilograms of water per day. Visible water is an indispensable important material for increasing the milk production of dairy cows. At the same time, the drinking cows were light and full of energy. Therefore, to increase the milk production of dairy cows, we must pay attention to the scientific drinking water of dairy cows.
First, ensure sufficient drinking water
For conditional farms (households), automatic drinking fountains can be installed in cow houses to allow cattle to drink water at any time. Regular water supply is also available daily, usually 3 times to 4 times a day, 5 times to 6 times a day in summer. There should be a water tank in the stadium to ensure fresh and clean water supply. In short, regardless of the way water is supplied, it must be ensured that the cows drink enough water. In particular, high-yielding dairy cows cannot afford water shortage.
Second, ensure the health of drinking water
1. Ensure the safety and health of water sources: The water source of dairy farms should avoid pesticide plants, chemical plants, slaughterhouses, etc. to prevent contamination. The best source of water is tap water. If there is no tap water, if the well water or river water is selected as the water source, the water must be precipitated and sterilized before drinking. Generally, add 6-10 grams of bleaching powder per cubic meter of water or treat it with 0.2 grams of poisonous powder. When well water is selected, it is best to use deep well water. The well should be covered and sealed to prevent the entry of dirt and sewage. Grazing cows are better at monitoring water quality. Excessive hardness drinking water can generally take cold water to reduce its hardness. When fluoride content in drinking water of high-fluorine area is too high, aluminum sulfate and magnesium oxide can be added to drinking water to reduce fluorine content.
2. To ensure the health of drinking water appliances: drinking water appliances should be kept clean and sanitary, washed daily and regularly sterilized. Especially in summer, care should be taken to keep it clean. Prevent the growth of microorganisms and deteriorate the quality of water. Pay attention to the hygiene of the sink on the playground and do not ignore it.
Third, science drinking water
Bovine body contains about 55% to 75% water, all kinds of nutrients must be dissolved in water in order to be absorbed by the body and transported to the various parts of the body, while the delivery of body products and the release of body heat and body temperature are related to water . The water needed by cattle comes from the three parts of free drinking water, water contained in feed and organic nutrient metabolism water. The water in the cattle’s body passes through saliva, urine, feces and milk, sweats, evaporates on the surface, and escapes from the body. The amount of water discharged from cattle is affected by the environment temperature, humidity, respiratory rate, water intake, diet composition, and other factors. The amount of water consumed by cows is related to the amount of incoming and outgoing dry matter, climatic conditions, diet composition, and water quality. Under the same environment and physiological conditions, the gross amount of dry matter in and out of cattle is greater than that of small-bodied cattle, so the amount of drinking water increases with weight gain. Lactating calves consume more water per kilogram of dry matter than adults fed dry feed. In a climate of -17 to 27°C, the cow's estimated drinking water is 3.5 to 5.5 liters of water per kilogram of dry matter consumed, and calves must be 4 to 6.5 liters of water.
Drinking water temperature, season and day and night changes also affect the amount of cattle drinking water and production performance, cold weather, if the cattle drink warm water, you can increase the amount of drinking water. At high temperatures, when the temperature reaches 30°C or more, the water temperature can be reduced from 31°C to 18°C. The water consumption per cow can be reduced by 3.5 to 4.5 liters, the respiratory rate can be reduced by 10% to 12%, and the body weight can increase by 36%. The amount of milk consumed by cows is also affected by the type of feed and the amount of milk produced. A large dairy cow produces 10 to 15 kg of milk per day. When feeding dry and juicy feed, it can drink 45 liters of water per day. Dry cows need to drink 35 litres a day; daily milk production 15 kg cows need 50 liters of water a day; daily milk about 40 kg high-produce cows need to drink 100 kg of water a day. During the hot season, the amount of water needed by cows exceeds that of spring and autumn and winter. If there is no automatic drinker, the cow needs to drink 2~3 times cooler water every day in summer. Adult cows need 4 liters of water per kilogram of dry matter fed daily. Every kilogram of milk produced requires 3 to 3.5 liters of water. The installation of automatic drinkers in the homes consumes 18% more water than drinking water twice a day, 3.5% more prolific milk, and 10.7% more milk production. With automatic drinkers, drinking water 10 times a day is 2/3 during the day and 1/3 is during the night (17:00~5:00). Therefore, it is advisable for multi-head dairy farmers to set up automatic drinkers in the dairy cowhouse.
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