High-quality grape fertilization technology
Grapes are one of the tree types that require the most amount of fertilizers in fruit trees. To make grapes of high quality, high yield, and stable yield, it is necessary to apply scientific fertilization.
First, the principle of grape fertilization
(1) Basal fertilizer is mainly used as a supplement for top dressing; roots are mainly used for fertilization; roots are used for supplements outside fertilization; farmhouse organic fertilizer is the main factor, and chemical fertilizers are supplementary.
(b) See tree fertilization. Large trees and multiple facilities, small trees and less facilities; weak trees and more facilities, strong trees and less facilities; the results of many more facilities, the results of less and less.
(c) See fertilizer properties and quality fertilization. Nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium three elements of fertilizer, application of trace elements (Note: prohibited the application of chlorine compound fertilizer and nitrate nitrogen fertilizer); farmer fertilizer poor quality of multiple applications.
(four) see fertilization. Indulge in more uselessly and fertilize less.
Second, fertilization requirements
(a) amount of fertilizer
Basal fertilizer is dominated by manure fertilizers, river mud, and other organic fertilizers. It should account for more than 60% of the annual fertilization amount. They are decomposed slowly in the soil and can be used for roots for a long period of time. They can also be used to improve soil and improve vines. The soil conditions for growth lay a good foundation for continuous high production and high quality. It is generally applied in the fall or early spring.
The amount of fertilizer applied at the time of last year's planting can be used for the basal-fermentation of grapes grown in the year. The results of the second year of the tree, because the results require a lot of nutrients, the amount of fertilizer to be increased, should be based on the amount of fertilizer planting, and then add another 0.5 kg of soybean cake, 0.5 kg of phosphate fertilizer. Tests have shown that for each fruit weight of 100 kg, 200 kg of livestock manure is applied, 5 kg to 10 kg of cake fertilizer is added, or 3 kg to 5 kg of superphosphate are added, and 2 kg to 3 kg of plant ash or 100 kg of manure is applied.
(two) fertilization method
Basal fertilizers are generally applied in tree trays and in furrows. To spread the tree tray, first remove the topsoil within the tree tray by 15 cm to 30 cm thick, close to the plant, and gradually deepen outwards. When fertilizing, dig deep 40 cm to 60 cm fertilization ditch on one side of the grape row. The principle of using a small amount of roots in the ditch is to apply the ditch far and near. Apply fertilizer, fill the soil back into the ditch, and then step on the water. In the next year, ditch the other side of the row and conduct reversed fertilization.
(3) Dressing
Fertilizer should seize every fruit before flowering and the growth of young fruit and the coloring of each pod, topdressing with nitrogen fertilizer, with phosphorus and potassium fertilizers, top dressing 3 to 5 times a year.
1. Precipitating fertilizer. Prior to the sprouting of the grapes, the soil was topdressed around the plants in combination with deep-turning pods to promote the buds to germinate neatly. Generally, 15 kg of urea or 20 kg of diammonium phosphate is applied per acre.
2. Promote fruit fat. When the size of berry bean granules is large, the vegetative growth and fruit growth of the berry are very rapid, and the consumption of nutrients is more. It is necessary to chase the fast-effect fertilizer in time to prompt the fruit to enlarge. Diammonium phosphate is generally selected, and about 15 kg of diammonium phosphate can be topdressed per acre, or 10 kg of urea and 20 kg of superphosphate can be applied.
3. Ripening fertilizer. When the berries start to color, they are top-dressed and mainly made of potash fertilizer, which can increase the sugar content of fruits and promote the coloration and dendrite maturation. The application of potassium sulfate is about 15 kg per mu and 15 kg of superphosphate.
4. Foliar fertilizer. Foliar fertilizer should be sprayed with phosphorus, potassium, boron, urea and other fertilizers according to the tree vigor. Spraying 0.2%-0.5% borax solution before flowering can increase fruit setting rate. After fruit set, spray 2-3 times of 0.2%-0.4% of potassium dihydrogen phosphate before maturity, which has the effect of improving the yield and improving the quality. Spraying 0.05%-0.1% magnesium sulfate solution during fruit setting and fruit growing period can increase berry yield and sugar content. Repeated spraying of ferrous sulfate has a good effect on chlorotic iron deficiency grapes. Spraying should be carried out at 8 to 9 o'clock in the clear morning or at 3 to 5 o'clock in the afternoon, because during this period the temperature is low and the solution evaporates slowly. The fertilizer can be fully absorbed by the branches, leaves and fruits of the plants.
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