Phosphate fertilizer product knowledge

Superphosphate and calcium magnesium phosphate are low-level phosphate fertilizers. Physicochemical properties, superphosphate is a water-soluble phosphate fertilizer, suitable for use in neutral, alkaline and slightly acidic soils; calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer is soluble phosphate fertilizer. In acidic soils. In general, superphosphate and calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizers are mainly applied as basal fertilizers to different crops.

First, superphosphate, also known as general-pass calcium phosphate, referred to as calcium sulphate (SSP), is the earliest industrialized fertilizer species in the world, and is currently the main low-concentration phosphate fertilizer product in China. The main phosphorus-containing active ingredient is monobasic calcium phosphate monohydrate, which has a molecular formula of Ca(H2PO4)2?H2O, contains P2O5 12-20%, CaO about 28%, S11-13%, and also contains various trace elements. And a small amount of free acid. The main production process is the use of sulfuric acid to treat phosphate rock, and then, after chemical formation, cutting, curing, and packaging, it is the product.

Superphosphate is a loose, porous, powdery or granular material that appears gray, pale yellow, grayish yellow, or brown due to different phosphorite content. Due to the free acid, it is slightly acidic. During storage, when wet, it will absorb moisture and corrode the packaging container. After absorbing moisture, it will also cause a series of chemical changes, so that water-soluble phosphate fertilizer will become non-water soluble and reduce fertilizer efficiency. This change is generally called degenerative, so be careful when storing moisture. After the superphosphate is applied to the soil, monocalcium phosphate is dissolved in water to form saturated phosphoric acid, monocalcium phosphate, and dibasic calcium phosphate solutions. Since the dissolved components are different from the original ones, they are called isocomponents. The solution at this time is very acidic, and the iron, aluminum, manganese, calcium and magnesium salts in the soil can be dissolved and reacted with it to form insoluble phosphates, which reduces the effectiveness of phosphorus. This phenomenon is also called chemical fixation. In acidic soils, insoluble iron phosphates and aluminum phosphates are often formed. In calcareous soils, octacalcium phosphate or hydroxyapatite are formed, which reduces the effect of superphosphate. In acidic soils, especially red-yellow soils, phosphoric acid can also be adsorbed and fixed by clay minerals or hydrated trioxides to reduce fertilizer efficiency. The applied superphosphate is easily fixed by the soil and its mobility is very small. The moving range is generally between 1 and 4 cm. Therefore, the utilization rate of phosphate fertilizer is very low.

According to the nature and characteristics of calcium superphosphate, the specific application methods are as follows:

1, mixed with organic fertilizer application. When superphosphate is mixed with organic fertilizers, it can be used by the distribution system of organic fertilizers to reduce contact with the soil and increase its fertilizer efficiency.

2, acidic soil can be used with lime, calcareous soil with ammonium sulfate application. In acidic soils, when the pH is below 5.5, it is best to first apply lime to neutralize acidity, so that the pH rises above 6.0 and then apply phosphate fertilizer; in calcareous soil, it is necessary to use ammonium sulfate and other acidic or physiological acid fertilizers to use sulfate. The effect is to reduce the concentration of calcium ions in the manure ring to increase the effectiveness of phosphorus.

3, although some fertilizers can be mixed, but must be immediately after mixing, such as nitrate nitrogen fertilizer and superphosphate mixed, fertilizer deliquescent moisture, inconvenience to use, if you leave home for a long time, nitrogen will be greatly lost, and the effective conversion of phosphorus into insoluble phosphorus. The use of some fertilizers will cause a large loss of nutrients and cause a great deal of waste. Alkaline fertilizers such as grass ash and lime should not be mixed with superphosphate. Otherwise, water-soluble nutrients will be converted into insoluble nutrients, which will reduce phosphate fertilizer efficiency.

In the selection of calcium superphosphate should pay attention to distinguish, and do the following:

1. The appearance of unqualified superphosphate is the same as that of qualified superphosphate. It is dark gray and loose. It is dry, handcuffed into clumps and greasy. Qualified superphosphate smells slightly sour. Unqualified superphosphates have irritating odors or odors.

2, it is best to purchase famous products produced by large enterprises.

3, if you find that the purchased superphosphate has an unusual odor, it should be used with caution.

4. The price of SSP products is mainly determined based on the effective P2O5 nutrient content (the national standard requires at least 12% or more), and calcium and magnesium are only auxiliary components.

Second, calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer, also known as molten magnesium phosphate fertilizer, is a kind of aluminosilicate glass body containing phosphate (PO43-), no clear molecular formula and molecular weight. The calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer not only provides 12% to 18% of low-level phosphorus, but also provides a large amount of silicon, calcium and magnesium. Calcium, magnesium, and phosphate accounts for about 17% of China's current total phosphate production, second only to superphosphate. It is a phosphate rock and an ore containing magnesium and silicon, which is melted, quenched, dried and ground in a blast furnace or an electric furnace. Pay attention to the following points when choosing:

1. Identification of packaging bags: The packaging bag should have the following contents: product name, trademark, nutrient content and its content, net weight, implementation standard number, production license number, factory name, site, telephone, etc., and the printing should be formal and clear.

2. Identification of color and shape: Calcium, magnesium, and phosphate are mostly powdery in several different colors such as gray, light green, dark green and dark brown.

3, feel recognition: calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer is a soluble phosphorus fertilizer, soluble in weak acid, alkaline, non-corrosive hand touch, do not absorb moisture, no agglomeration.

4, odor and water-soluble identification: calcium magnesium phosphate without any odor, insoluble in water.

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