Fruit-pest Prevention and Control Techniques of Fruit Trees
1. Covering the plastic film: Covering the plastic film in early spring can reduce the damage of pests such as red spider and peach borer.
2. Covering insect-proof nets: Covering insect-proof nets can not only prevent insects, but also prevent rainstorm, hail, strong wind, and moderate shading, but due to high cost, production is mostly used for fruit tree cultivation in facilities.
3. Clean orchards: Remove or pick up damaged fruit, branches, and leaves in a timely manner during the growing season and effectively reduce the incidence of the next generation of worms (bacteria); in autumn and winter, combine pruning to remove the diseased shoots, shoots, and orchards. The nearby weeds and litters are cleared away and burned or buried deeply to eliminate a large number of overwintering pests.
4. Artificial removal: During the growing season, timely remove the egg masses from the caterpillars, break the hard ticks on the trunks and branches, scrape the egg pieces of the gypsy moth on the trunk, and dig out the eggs on the branches; In severe cases, the larvae and oocysts attached to the shoots are brushed off with a stiff bristle brush; insect pests can be cut off in time for the leaf-roll moth pests, the diseased shoots of powdery mildew can be promptly cut off, and the cockroach moth oocysts and hornworms can be cut in time to remove the insects in time. The branches damaged by Tianniu were burned together.
5. Shaking and killing: In the growing season of fruit trees, for some pests with pseudo-dead habits, such as chafers, leaf beetles, longhorned cattle, and chestnuts, etc., they can be dropped by vibrating the tree strains, and then they can be concentrated and killed; In the weather, the scale insects can be shaken by hitting the branches.
6. Fruit bagging: Fruit bagging can effectively reduce or avoid the damage of fruit-feeding pests such as carnivora and cockroaches.
7. Scrape Bark in Winter: Comprehensive investigations have revealed that after the scraped orchards, the date larvae of Mythimna separata and P. larvae are reduced by 80-90%, the small carnivora and the small carnivora are reduced by 60-80%, and the Hawthorn spiders are reduced by 70. -80%. The winter shave of fruit trees can be carried out after defoliating from fruit trees to before sprouting in late spring. The main reason is to scrape off the rough skin and skins on the trunk and main branches. The degree of scraping is to scrape off the light brown skin. It is better to see green and white. When scraping the skin, a plastic cloth should be laid under the tree to collect scraped bark and debris, and be deeply buried or burned. For fruit trees with rot and blight disease, apply Fumei arsenic or lime sulfur to prevent and cure after scraping.
8, trunk white: winter trunk white, not only can prevent sunburn and frost damage of fruit trees, but also eliminate a large number of pathogenic bacteria and pests overwintering on the trunk. The proportion of whitening agent is generally: 10 parts of quicklime, 2 parts of lime sulfur, 1-2 parts of salt, 2 parts of clay and 35-40 parts of water. The time for whitening is preferably 2 times, the first time after deciduous fruit trees before the soil freezes, and the second time in early spring.
9, ploughing the tree plate: Through deep plowing, the wintering pests in the soil (such as peach borer, peach aphid, etc.) and germs can be turned to the surface and frozen to death, dried or eaten by natural enemies. Weeds and pests (eg, moths, aphids, red spiders, etc.) that have been overwintering on the surface of dead branches, leaf curls, and weeds are deeply buried underground and cannot suffocate due to normal feathering, thus reducing the overwintering base.
10, potential trapping and killing: the use of pests on the selectivity of wintering sites, in the autumn after the big branches of fruit trees tied grass or broken sack sheet, trapped pests pupate winter, and then focus on killing. According to the survey, this method has a 47-78% effect on the trapping of P. edulis and P. edulis, and it is also very good for spider mites, red spiders, leafworms, leaf spines, leaf roller moths, and leaf roller moths. The trapping effect, especially when the density of overwintering worms was greater in the year, was more pronounced.
11, bait wood trapping: the use of Tianniu, elephant armor, small clams and other dry pests like the characteristics of spawning on the new tree, set some wood in the orchard to induce their spawning, and then focus on killing.
12. Light trapping and killing: Using the phototaxis of fruit tree pests, blacklights, high-pressure mercury lamps, and frequency-vibration traps can be set in fruit trees to trap and kill. This method has obvious control effect on peach fruit borer, apple leaf roller moth, gold thread moth, peach aphid, Spodoptera litura, gypsy moth, flea beetle, cockroach, etc.
13, yellow traps: Aphids, whitefly and other pests have a strong tendency towards yellow, yellow traps can be set to kill adults. Method is: the fiberboard or cardboard cut into 1 meter 0.2 meters long strips, painted orange peel yellow, and then coated with a layer of sticky oil (with a little oil and a little oil on the 10th and mix thoroughly), hanging in the line; when the yellow plate When pests are sticky, it is necessary to recoat the sticky oil in time (usually 7-10 days for recoating).
14, sex pheromone trap: in the production of fruit trees, commonly used in the prevention and control of Peach fruit borer, Pyrosphaeridae, apple leaf roller moth, gold moth, peach aphid and other pests.
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