New antler processing technology

In order to improve the processing efficiency of pilose antler and ensure the processing quality of the finished velvet, the Institute of Specialties of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences successfully completed the research on microwave energy and far-infrared ray processing antler technology from 1980 to 1986, and promoted and applied it in production. These technologies include a series of supporting equipment for pilose antler processing and a new process of bulk centralized processing such as chilled fresh-keeping, thawing, heating and drying. This technology can improve the processing quality of pilose antler, eliminate foul velvet, reduce processing costs and improve working conditions.

1. Principle The combination of microwave energy and far-infrared rays processing pilose antler is characterized by high thermal efficiency, selective heating, rapid, energy saving, convenient control, learning from each other, etc., and can remove unnecessary moisture in the antler to achieve the purpose of velvet processing. The wavelength of microwaves is more than 30 cm (915 megahertz). It can directly penetrate the inner part of the antler, heating the inside and outside of the antler at the same time, greatly shortening the heating time; the wavelength of the far infrared ray is 3 to 50 microns, which can make the surface of the antler fast. Heating, moisture quickly take off. Microwave energy and far-infrared energy have their own strengths, combined with application can avoid weaknesses, significantly improve the processing efficiency.

2. Equipment The supporting equipment for this new technology includes: refrigerators, microwave equipment (including microwave power generators and microwave ovens), smelting equipment, far-infrared drying boxes, and blower boxes.

3 processing technology

(1) Fresh and velvety batch processing process Fresh velvety - Draining blood - Scrubbing decontamination - Microwave heating - One hot bred rind skin - Hair dryer Cold - Far-infrared ray and microwave heat drying - Dry sand backwater - Cooking head shape - Finished velvet ( Bloody blood is not discharged).

(2) The fresh velvet cold storage processing process will sporadically collect the fresh antler, refrigerate it, and process it when it is large enough. The process flow is: fresh velvety ~ blood discharge ~ scrub decontamination ~ hot cooking velvet skin ~ cold storage a microwave batch thawing, heating ~ after the process with fresh antler batch processing technology (with blood does not drain blood, after washing decontamination refrigeration ). Microwave heating: After the hot pilose antler is cooled to room temperature, it is sent to a microwave oven for heat treatment. During the batch processing, 10 to 15 kg (above 60% water content) or 20 to 25 kg (20% to 30% water content) of fresh velvet can be processed each time, and the microwave power used is 1 60 0 to 3 000 watts. , Heating 3 to 5 times, 2 to 3 minutes each time heating. Each time the cool time is more than 3 to 5 times the heating time, the furnace door is opened and cooled after each heating. When the heater is reheated, the furnace door is closed, and the motor is opened for microwave thawing: When the fresh antler to be frozen can meet the batch processing, the thawing process is taken out. Each time one can thawed 25 to 30 kilograms of fresh broth, the microwave power used is 3 500 to 6 400 watts. It usually takes 4 to 6 times to heat, and the time of smashing is determined by the load in the box, usually 5 to 2 minutes.

4. Juicy matters

First, because the microwave energy exceeds a certain value, it is harmful to the human body. Therefore, whether or not the apricot plant can leak energy before use should be checked. The leakage energy field (work surface) must not exceed 38 microwatts/cm2.

Second, whether it is heating or thawing, due to the type of antler, different specifications, the power and time required are not the same, for example, the power and time required to spend two galangal velvet is lower than the three velvet.

Third, the temperature of the antler should be checked every time it is cool after heating. The focus is on the large opening, the middle of the gate and the mouth.

Fourth, when there is a drop of water when thawing, it should be wiped dry with soft gauze every time when it is cold to prevent breakdown. Other processes are the same as traditional processing techniques.

(II) Deer Antler Freeze-drying Process

This technology is a method of processing pilose antler that has been boiled once, vacuum sublimation, dehydration and drying into finished velvet.

The process can be roughly divided into 3 steps: 1. Boiling is roughly the same as boiling the first water. 2. Freeze-drying treatment First, the drying box of the lyophilizer is pre-cooled to a temperature of 25 to 30 °C, and then the velvet is quickly frozen in a box. About 2 hours after freezing, the condenser (temperature up to 28 °C) is allowed to cool (capture moisture) for about 30 minutes. The vacuum pump is turned on, and after 5 minutes, the box is cooled down. At this time, the degree of vacuum reaches 400 to 533. Pa), while the condenser continues to cool up to a 39-45 °C.

3. After the quenching treatment box is cooled and stopped, the heating device is used to heat so that the temperature of the board within the box can be raised by 10° C. per hour. It is advisable to reach a temperature of 60° C. for about 20 to 25 hours to achieve the purpose of drying. When processing two bars of hibiscus, the temperature of the plate will increase by about 20 °C per hour until it reaches 65 °C, and the drying time will be 18 to 20 hours.

When producing bloody pork, it can be boiled and boiled once and then freeze-dried. Because lyophilized antler is often too dry and head lice, so, one should be properly treated for resurgence; the second is to process 1 or 2 times.

The antler velvet skin of vacuum freeze processing is of good color, good quality, fresh and uniform blood color, no broken, stinky velvet, and fast drying speed, generally it can be completed in about 4 days.

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