Pre-production breeding management of laying hens
Several weeks before the start of production, the hens enter the laying period from the growing period. In this stage, not only a series of work such as transfer to basket, selection and elimination, immunization, feed replacement, and increased light exposure are needed, but also cause great stress to chickens. At this stage, the hens have drastic physiological changes, sensitivity and adaptability. Weak, poor disease resistance, if improper feeding and management, can easily affect the performance of laying. Before laying hens, they should pay attention to the following aspects.
First, do a good job in preparing for the group
The chicken house and equipment have a great influence on the health and production of laying hens. All the production processes of laying hens are carried out in cage nets. The quality of cage nets, especially the selection of raw materials for cage nets, is to reduce the rate of broken eggs. The basis is that the marking of the steel wire material is too low and the steel wire elongation is too high. It is the commonly known steel wire that is too soft and will cause the egg production peak during an egg laying cycle. The cage net will reach the chicken body weight and the chicken feed intake. At the highest weight, when the load-bearing capacity of the chicken cage bottom net reaches the limit, the bottom net of the chicken cage inevitably sags. Even a deep foot socket appears at the foot of the chicken, causing the chicken to step out of the formed chicken pedal. Broken egg collision. The wire marking is too high and the elongation is low, which is commonly known as the steel wire is too hard. The cage wire itself does not have any elasticity. After the egg is produced, it rolls out at a very high speed and forms a hard collision damage. After several years of research, it has been found that choosing the right raw materials for chicken cages is directly related to reducing the damage of eggs. Chicken breeding companies should be based on the type of chickens in the company. According to the actual situation of the company, Jinfeng animal husbandry reminds that the market reputation is better. The chicken cage brand, professional manufacturers often choose the right raw materials based on the characteristics of the eggs, choose a better market reputation of the manufacturer is to reduce egg damage and improve the effectiveness of chicken.
After the group has been caged, it is necessary to inspect the chicken house and equipment, carefully check the feeding system, drinking water system, power supply lighting system, ventilation system, drainage system and cage equipment, cages and other equipment. If any abnormalities should be repaired in time; The chicken house and the equipment are thoroughly cleaned and disinfected. The steps are to clean the floor of the chicken house, the excrement on the roof, the wall, the dust and the dirt on the equipment. Rinse the chicken house and equipment with high-pressure water and spray the disinfectant after it is dry. The liquid is sterilized, and the used items are also sterilized. In addition, prepare the necessary utensils, medicines, equipment, record forms and feed, and arrange the feeding personnel.
Second, transfer to the cage
(1) Age of entry. Modern high-yielding hybrid layer chickens usually see eggs in about 17 weeks, so they must be basketed before 16 to 17 weeks of age, so that new hens will be familiar with and adapt to the environment for a period of time before the start of production, forming a harmonious group order, and Allow sufficient time for immunization and other work. If the cage is too late, the production time will be postponed and the egg production rate will be affected. The hens that have been put into production may also be discontinued due to intense stress caused by the transfer group. Even some chickens may cause yolk peritonitis and increase the number of dead birds. . (2) choose to stay out. Modern high-yield hybrid chickens require good growth and development, uniform and tidy. If it is uneven, it will seriously affect the production performance. When entering the cage, it is necessary to remove the oversized, thin chicken and non-feeding residual chickens according to the variety requirements, and choose a quality chicken with a lively spirit, a strong physique, and a suitable weight.
(3) Classification into the cage. Even if the brooding is well reared and managed, there will still be some smaller chickens and larger chickens in the flock due to factors such as heredity and feeding management. If they are all eliminated, they will inevitably increase the cost, and the cages in the hen house cannot be fully utilized. Therefore, the smaller and larger chickens are left behind when they are basketed and housed in different cages. Special measures are taken to strengthen management and promote uniformity and orderliness. For example, if chickens are placed in a warm, sunny south-middle cage, proper nutrition is increased to promote their growth and development; for large chickens, appropriate restrictions should be applied. According to the number of chickens accommodated in the cages, a sufficient number of cages per cage is provided at a time to avoid caged chickens that have entered the cage before they are bullied.
Third, immunization
Before immunization, immunization is required. This immunization is very important to prevent the occurrence of epidemic diseases during the laying period. The immunization procedure is reasonable and in line with the actual situation in the field; the vaccine source is reliable, well-kept, and quality-assured; the vaccination route is appropriate, the operation is correct, and the dose is accurate. After inoculation, the effect of inoculation should be checked, and if necessary, antibody testing should be carried out to ensure the effectiveness of the immunization so that the birds have enough antibody levels to prevent the occurrence of the disease.
Fourth, deworming
Before starting production, we must do a good job of deworming. For 110-130 days old chickens, use 20-40 mg levamisole or 200-300 mg per carcass for each kilogram of body weight. Feed the mixture once a day for 2 days to drive out the mites. Sulfur dichloride is used per kilogram of body weight. Phenol 100 ~ 200 mg, spices fed once a day, once every 2 days to drive maggots; coccidial oocysts serious pollution, after the cage to use anticoccidial drugs for 5 to 6 days.
V. Lighting
Illumination has a great influence on the reproductive function of chickens. Increasing light stimulates the secretion of sex hormones and promotes egg production. Shortening the light inhibits the secretion of sex hormones, thus inhibiting ovulation and egg production. Through the lighting control of laying hens to stimulate and maintain the balance of egg production. In addition, the light can regulate the sexual maturity of the reserve chickens and make the hens produce neat, so the lighting control before and after the production is critical. Modern high-yield matching hybrids have already had the ability to start production earlier, and appropriate early lighting stimulation, so that the new hens start production time is appropriate to advance, which will help reduce the cost of feeding. Birds with a body weight that meets the requirements or slightly larger than the standard body weight may increase the hours of light exposure to 13 hours at 16 to 17 weeks of age, and then increase to 20 minutes per week until the light hours reach 16 hours. Light stimulation should begin at 18 to 20 weeks of age. Light hours should be gradually increased, if the sudden increase in the length of light is too long, easy to cause rectal prolapse; light intensity should be appropriate, should not be too strong or too weak, too strong and easy to produce phlegm, too weak will not achieve a stimulating effect. Sealed breeding new hens, due to light intensity during the breeding period is too weak, light intensity before and after opening to 10 to 15 lux is appropriate, open breeding new hens, breeding period is affected by natural light, strong light, open production Before and after the light intensity is generally maintained in the range of 15 to 20 lux, otherwise the lighting effect is poor.
Sixth, rearing
Feeding before opening will not only affect the increase of egg production rate and the duration of egg production peak, but also affect the rate of death.
(1) Change the feed in due course. The deposition of calcium in the bones was the strongest during the first 2 weeks before the start of production. In order to increase the hen production, reduce the rate of egg breakage, and reduce the occurrence of fatigue in laying hens, the calcium content in the diet should be reduced from the age of 17 weeks.
9% increase to 2.5%; when the egg production rate reaches 20% to 30%, a 3.5% yolk laying hen diet is replaced with calcium.
(2) Guaranteed feed intake. Before starting production, free food intake should be resumed to allow chickens to feed, ensure balanced nutrition, and increase the egg production rate.
(3) ensure drinking water. At the time of production, the chicken body has a strong metabolism and needs a large amount of water, so it is necessary to ensure sufficient drinking water. Insufficient drinking water will affect the rate of egg production, and there will be more prolapse of the anus.
Seven, reduce stress
(1) Reasonably arrange working hours and reduce stress. Transit cages and immunization schedules are best arranged in the evening, catching chickens, transporting chickens and entering cages are lighter. Before entering the cage, add material to the feeding trough of the layer of laying hens, and inject water into the trough, and maintain suitable light intensity. After the broilers enter the cage, drink the water immediately, eat the ingredients, and familiarize themselves with the environment as soon as possible. Keep working procedures stable and change the feed when there is a transition period.
(2) Use anti-stress additives. There are many stress factors before birth. Anti-stress agents can be added to feed or drinking water to relieve stress. Commonly used are vitamin C, instant multidimensional, fumaric acid and chlorpromazine.
Eight, strengthen observation
Pay attention to the observation of the chicken's intake, breathing, droppings, and egg production rate, and find that the problem is solved in time. Before and after the chicken is opened, the physiological changes are severe, sensitive and uneasy, and neck-hanging, squatting and the like are prone to occur. They should be patrolled and detected and treated early to reduce death. Observe and observe the timely detection of anal chickens, anal fistula chickens, bullied chickens, and sickly disabled chickens.
Nine, health
After being basketed, the chicken is unfamiliar with the environment. In addition, a series of management procedures are performed to cause greater stress on the chickens. With the increase of the egg production rate, the chicken body is highly metabolized and has poor resistance and is vulnerable to pathogenic invasion. Therefore, it must be strengthened. In the epidemic prevention work, the chicken house is frequently cleaned and the chicken manure is cleaned in a timely manner. Now it is easy to do this with an automated manure removal system. All foreign personnel shall be prevented from entering the breeding areas and sheds, and the keeper shall be disinfected before entering; keep the hen house environment, drinking water, and feed hygiene; sterilize chickens inside and outside the chicken farm regularly to reduce the occurrence of diseases. In addition, pay attention to the use of some antibacterial drugs and Chinese herbal medicines to prevent the occurrence of E. coli and mycoplasmosis.
10. Keep the air circulation in the house and adjust the temperature and humidity.
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