Gynostemma cultivation and processing
2019-05-15 08:10:52
In the middle of China and most of the southern part of the country, a kind of fine, short-fleeed grass is called “gynostemmaâ€. It is now known as "Ginseng substitutes" and "future supplements." Researchers also believe that Gynostemma is a promising plant that deserves great development. Gynostemma is a perennial vine herb of the Cucurbitaceae family, also known as leaflet, five-claw and golden dragon. In the Dictionary of Traditional Chinese Medicine, it is referred to as the “seven-leaf gallbladder.†As early as five hundred years ago, folks in China used “seven-leaf gallbladder†treatment. Senile bronchitis, sleepwalking, etc. Surprisingly, in recent years, the analysis of Gynostemma in the pharmaceutical industry at home and abroad found that Gynostemma melanocarpa contains more than 50 kinds of saponins in addition to sugar and pigments, among which Gypenoside III and IV VIII, XII, and Yuan V-AH are the same substances as ginsenosides Rb1, Rb3, Rb, and F2, respectively, and this is the only plant found to contain ginsenosides in addition to Araliaceae.
Gynostemma has nourishing, calming, eliminating fatigue, preventing ulcers, and treating hair loss. Modern medical research shows that ordinary human skin cells are regenerated for 22 generations. If pectin blue saponin is added to the culture medium for 27 generations, other cells have similar effects. Therefore, gynostemma pentaphyllum does have the effect of prolonging life. According to experiments, due to Gynostemma saponins' participation in cell activation, it not only removes lipids and circulates blood, but also lowers blood lipids and inhibits cholesterol accumulation. If you regularly eat Gynostemma, it will not only make your skin soft and healthy, but also achieve weight loss and improve liver function. . Even more remarkable is that Gynostemma saponins can improve the ability of cells to self-heal, inhibit the normal cell cancer, and guide cancerous cells to recover. The clinical results prove that Gynostemma saponins has special preventive and therapeutic effects on liver cancer and uterine cancer.
First, Gynostemma cultivation techniques Gynostemma hi temperature avoid water, love Yin afraid of heat, but strong adaptability, easy cultivation. Wherever it is convenient for irrigation and drainage, the wet and fertile hillside slopes, and the hilly and sandy beaches are abandoned, the village side houses can be cultivated.
1. Nursery preparation: Artificially cultivated Gynostemma pentaphyllum, seedlings or oysters are usually seeded first, and then moved to Daejeon. Therefore, we must first prepare a nursery or a nursery and a nursery.
(1) Breeding Nursery: It is advisable to choose a sandy soil with convenient irrigation, intensive cultivation, and smashing of soil, 25 kg of lime per mu, and 500 to 800 kg of organic fertilizer. The starting point is to go east and west, with a width of 1 to 1.2 meters and a width of 20 to 30 centimeters. Three days before sowing, the soil was sprayed with a 1000-fold aqueous solution of 50% wettable thiophanates for disinfection.
(2) Zizi Nursery: Requirements for the preparation of earthworms are the same as above. Apply 25 kg of lime per acre without any additional fertilizer.
(3) Planting Nursery: In order to transplant the planting nursery of Daejeon, it is necessary to select fields that are conducive to irrigation and fertility. The requirements for starting up are basically the same as above. 25-35 kilograms of lime per acre, apply 1500-2000 kilograms of organic fertilizer, cover the soil below 5 cm. Before planting, disinfect with 25% wettable carbendazim 1000-fold solution.
2. Seedling raising techniques: There are two methods for raising seedlings: seeding seedlings and cutting seedlings.
(1) Sowing seedlings: Must use mature fresh seeds. The surface is grayish in color, spots are mature seeds with sprouting power, and the surface white is immature seeds without germination. The germination rate of fresh seeds reached 95% and the seeds lost their germination power after being sealed for six months. Sowing is conducted in the early spring of February or March or in the autumn of August or September. At this time, the temperature is suitable and the budding rate is high. Drilling or broadcast can be. After sowing, it is covered with a layer of fine-grained fire or soil. When the temperature is around 20°C, it germinates 10 days after sowing, and the seedlings grow to be planted in Daejeon in about 45 days.
(2) Seedlings for purlins: The culms or roots can be used for cultivar cultivation, but each stalk must have a leaf segment. Pull the small ditch in the lateral surface (north-south direction). The ditch is 6 to 8 cm. Punctuate the hole with a bamboo stick every 4 cm along the ditch. Insert the sill and press the soil and apply water. Before the cutting, the Japanese used a broad-spectrum fast rooting agent for root dipping. This method breeds quickly and can be planted in nursery for 15 days.
3. Planting techniques: There are three branches of seedlings, and when the seedlings are maintained for more than 15 days, they can be planted in the field. Planting time in the spring of March and April, or autumn and winter in September and October, at this time suitable climate rainfall, high survival rate, colonization specifications: spacing of 4060 cm, 30000 to 33000 per hectare. In order to make full use of the space of the line, it is appropriate to plant the form of plum blossom. After planting, watering should be done in time.
4. Fertilization management:
(1) Nursery period: The nursery should be kept moist, but do not collect water. In case of rainy days, use Tobuki spray to prevent disease. When adopting the cassia seedlings, a simple shade awning is used to prevent the sun from killing the seedlings. Four days after the cutting, the fertiliser can be sprayed with 50 times stevia after 3 pm.
(2) Growth period: One week after transplanting Daejeon, it is necessary to carry out the top dressing for the first time, and then to manage the seedlings as they grow. Water should be used for irrigation when it is dry. Water enters the ditch and is discharged in time. Long-term and overcast, with 1000 times thiophanate solution sprayed every week to prevent disease. When the main branch grows to 20 centimeters, the head is picked up on a sunny day to promote branching and bulging.
5. Timely harvest: Gynostemma pentaphyllum grows to 1.5 to 2 meters and enters the fruiting period. The harvest must be prior to this. According to the test: the content of the nutrients in Gynostemma pentaphyllum is highest before flowering. At this time, the harvested product has good color, taste, shape and quality. If harvested early in the morning, its quality is not high; if the harvest is too late, the leaf vines become yellow and the color quality of the product is poor. When harvesting, keep about 15 centimeters of roots so that the old ones can be regenerated.
Second, gynostemma processing technology Gynostemma after harvest, leaves and stems can be used. In particular, powdery products made from the leaves of Gynostemma pentaphyllum are aromatic, fragrant, and bright green. They can be used as tea and drink, and they are also long-lasting natural pigments, but they are mainly used as nutritional additives for foods and medicines. . The amount of Gynostemma powder added was 0.5% for conventional foods, 1.5% for sucrose, and 2% to 3% for pasta. Gynostemma powder products are processed as follows: freshly harvested fresh Gynostemma pentaphylla is first used to remove impurities, and leaves or stems are selected for processing, or mixed processing of leaves and stems can be used. Use a lawn mower or hand-cut into 3 to 5 cm segments, wash with water, and then spread out to dry for use.
1. Steaming: In general, steam tea can be used in large batches and wooden steamers in small batches. The steam is steamed at about 100°C for 20 to 120 seconds, and usually steamed for 30 seconds. With hotter steam, the time can be shorter. However, if the steaming time exceeds 120 seconds, the color of the product will be unsatisfactory; if less than 10 seconds, the color will be poor.
2. Frying: After steaming, the ingredients are cooled and placed in an iron pan preheated to 320°C for 3 minutes. The temperature of the wok is too high, the coke is easy, and the temperature is too low to prolong the frying time. If the pot temperature is only 200 °C, it will be fried for 1 hour, stirring while stirring to avoid uneven heating.
3. Kneading: The raw materials made by frying are loose and crispy, and they can be put into a kneading machine or kneaded by hand. They can also be kneaded with a water-based rubbing kneading board, and the kneading can be applied with pressure. Then use a 200-mesh screen to pass the material and the residue is reheated and kneaded.
4. Baking: The product after kneading is in the form of powder, thinly spread in a baking tray, placed in a drying room or a desiccator, heated to about 65°C for about 4 hours, and must not be dried at room temperature so as not to affect the product. quality.
5. Packing: After wrought Gynostemma products, it is recommended to use plastic bags, tin cans, wax boxes and other packaging products, placed in a cool dry place, and store it carefully for moisture protection.
Gynostemma has nourishing, calming, eliminating fatigue, preventing ulcers, and treating hair loss. Modern medical research shows that ordinary human skin cells are regenerated for 22 generations. If pectin blue saponin is added to the culture medium for 27 generations, other cells have similar effects. Therefore, gynostemma pentaphyllum does have the effect of prolonging life. According to experiments, due to Gynostemma saponins' participation in cell activation, it not only removes lipids and circulates blood, but also lowers blood lipids and inhibits cholesterol accumulation. If you regularly eat Gynostemma, it will not only make your skin soft and healthy, but also achieve weight loss and improve liver function. . Even more remarkable is that Gynostemma saponins can improve the ability of cells to self-heal, inhibit the normal cell cancer, and guide cancerous cells to recover. The clinical results prove that Gynostemma saponins has special preventive and therapeutic effects on liver cancer and uterine cancer.
First, Gynostemma cultivation techniques Gynostemma hi temperature avoid water, love Yin afraid of heat, but strong adaptability, easy cultivation. Wherever it is convenient for irrigation and drainage, the wet and fertile hillside slopes, and the hilly and sandy beaches are abandoned, the village side houses can be cultivated.
1. Nursery preparation: Artificially cultivated Gynostemma pentaphyllum, seedlings or oysters are usually seeded first, and then moved to Daejeon. Therefore, we must first prepare a nursery or a nursery and a nursery.
(1) Breeding Nursery: It is advisable to choose a sandy soil with convenient irrigation, intensive cultivation, and smashing of soil, 25 kg of lime per mu, and 500 to 800 kg of organic fertilizer. The starting point is to go east and west, with a width of 1 to 1.2 meters and a width of 20 to 30 centimeters. Three days before sowing, the soil was sprayed with a 1000-fold aqueous solution of 50% wettable thiophanates for disinfection.
(2) Zizi Nursery: Requirements for the preparation of earthworms are the same as above. Apply 25 kg of lime per acre without any additional fertilizer.
(3) Planting Nursery: In order to transplant the planting nursery of Daejeon, it is necessary to select fields that are conducive to irrigation and fertility. The requirements for starting up are basically the same as above. 25-35 kilograms of lime per acre, apply 1500-2000 kilograms of organic fertilizer, cover the soil below 5 cm. Before planting, disinfect with 25% wettable carbendazim 1000-fold solution.
2. Seedling raising techniques: There are two methods for raising seedlings: seeding seedlings and cutting seedlings.
(1) Sowing seedlings: Must use mature fresh seeds. The surface is grayish in color, spots are mature seeds with sprouting power, and the surface white is immature seeds without germination. The germination rate of fresh seeds reached 95% and the seeds lost their germination power after being sealed for six months. Sowing is conducted in the early spring of February or March or in the autumn of August or September. At this time, the temperature is suitable and the budding rate is high. Drilling or broadcast can be. After sowing, it is covered with a layer of fine-grained fire or soil. When the temperature is around 20°C, it germinates 10 days after sowing, and the seedlings grow to be planted in Daejeon in about 45 days.
(2) Seedlings for purlins: The culms or roots can be used for cultivar cultivation, but each stalk must have a leaf segment. Pull the small ditch in the lateral surface (north-south direction). The ditch is 6 to 8 cm. Punctuate the hole with a bamboo stick every 4 cm along the ditch. Insert the sill and press the soil and apply water. Before the cutting, the Japanese used a broad-spectrum fast rooting agent for root dipping. This method breeds quickly and can be planted in nursery for 15 days.
3. Planting techniques: There are three branches of seedlings, and when the seedlings are maintained for more than 15 days, they can be planted in the field. Planting time in the spring of March and April, or autumn and winter in September and October, at this time suitable climate rainfall, high survival rate, colonization specifications: spacing of 4060 cm, 30000 to 33000 per hectare. In order to make full use of the space of the line, it is appropriate to plant the form of plum blossom. After planting, watering should be done in time.
4. Fertilization management:
(1) Nursery period: The nursery should be kept moist, but do not collect water. In case of rainy days, use Tobuki spray to prevent disease. When adopting the cassia seedlings, a simple shade awning is used to prevent the sun from killing the seedlings. Four days after the cutting, the fertiliser can be sprayed with 50 times stevia after 3 pm.
(2) Growth period: One week after transplanting Daejeon, it is necessary to carry out the top dressing for the first time, and then to manage the seedlings as they grow. Water should be used for irrigation when it is dry. Water enters the ditch and is discharged in time. Long-term and overcast, with 1000 times thiophanate solution sprayed every week to prevent disease. When the main branch grows to 20 centimeters, the head is picked up on a sunny day to promote branching and bulging.
5. Timely harvest: Gynostemma pentaphyllum grows to 1.5 to 2 meters and enters the fruiting period. The harvest must be prior to this. According to the test: the content of the nutrients in Gynostemma pentaphyllum is highest before flowering. At this time, the harvested product has good color, taste, shape and quality. If harvested early in the morning, its quality is not high; if the harvest is too late, the leaf vines become yellow and the color quality of the product is poor. When harvesting, keep about 15 centimeters of roots so that the old ones can be regenerated.
Second, gynostemma processing technology Gynostemma after harvest, leaves and stems can be used. In particular, powdery products made from the leaves of Gynostemma pentaphyllum are aromatic, fragrant, and bright green. They can be used as tea and drink, and they are also long-lasting natural pigments, but they are mainly used as nutritional additives for foods and medicines. . The amount of Gynostemma powder added was 0.5% for conventional foods, 1.5% for sucrose, and 2% to 3% for pasta. Gynostemma powder products are processed as follows: freshly harvested fresh Gynostemma pentaphylla is first used to remove impurities, and leaves or stems are selected for processing, or mixed processing of leaves and stems can be used. Use a lawn mower or hand-cut into 3 to 5 cm segments, wash with water, and then spread out to dry for use.
1. Steaming: In general, steam tea can be used in large batches and wooden steamers in small batches. The steam is steamed at about 100°C for 20 to 120 seconds, and usually steamed for 30 seconds. With hotter steam, the time can be shorter. However, if the steaming time exceeds 120 seconds, the color of the product will be unsatisfactory; if less than 10 seconds, the color will be poor.
2. Frying: After steaming, the ingredients are cooled and placed in an iron pan preheated to 320°C for 3 minutes. The temperature of the wok is too high, the coke is easy, and the temperature is too low to prolong the frying time. If the pot temperature is only 200 °C, it will be fried for 1 hour, stirring while stirring to avoid uneven heating.
3. Kneading: The raw materials made by frying are loose and crispy, and they can be put into a kneading machine or kneaded by hand. They can also be kneaded with a water-based rubbing kneading board, and the kneading can be applied with pressure. Then use a 200-mesh screen to pass the material and the residue is reheated and kneaded.
4. Baking: The product after kneading is in the form of powder, thinly spread in a baking tray, placed in a drying room or a desiccator, heated to about 65°C for about 4 hours, and must not be dried at room temperature so as not to affect the product. quality.
5. Packing: After wrought Gynostemma products, it is recommended to use plastic bags, tin cans, wax boxes and other packaging products, placed in a cool dry place, and store it carefully for moisture protection.
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