Major Diseases of Vegetables - Eggplant Diseases

First, eggplant gray mold 1. Symptoms Eggplant leaves, stems, fruit can be affected, the most serious fruit. In the adult plant stage, the leaf margin extends inwardly in a “V” shape. The lesions were watery at the beginning, with irregular edges and pale brown to tan. Infested petals, flower cores, etc., fall onto the leaves or branches and form round or spindle-shaped lesions. There is a shallow ring pattern on the lesion. After the diseased leaves are dry, brownish brown mold layer can be produced under high humidity. Diseased branches are easily broken, and moldy layer can also be formed. Fruits are affected, and most of them are harmful to the fruit and eggplants in the result period, and brownish watery spots of the size of the belly are formed near the top of the young fruit or the pedicle. The disease department was rotted and rotted, dark brown, with a layer of black mold on the surface. The shape of the lesions on the leaves was similar to that on tomatoes, and the color was darker than that of the brown tea. 2. Transmission routes and conditions The disease is caused by the infection of the genus Botrytis. At a temperature of about 20°C and a humidity of more than 90%, it is most beneficial to the disease. In the winter and spring greenhouses and greenhouses, low temperature, high humidity environment, continuous cropping land, high density, plant length, lack of light, shed indoor application of unripe organic fertilizer or excessive nitrogen fertilizer, the incidence of low-lying and humid are heavier. The pathogenic bacteria overwintered on the sick or soil surface and became the primary source of infestation in the coming year, spreading through air currents, irrigation water, and agricultural operations. 3. Control methods Reference tomato gray mold Second, eggplant Mushroom disease 1. Symptoms from the seedling stage to the adult stage can be the disease, the main harm to the fruit. The fruits suffered more than the old fruits in the following parts, and there were small spots of water stains in the early stage of disease, which gradually enlarged and produced dense white cotton flocculent hyphae. The inside of the fruit turns black and rot and easily falls off. After the disease has landed, the whole fruit can be rotted and spread over white mold due to moisture, and finally it shrinks into a stiff fruit. The leaves were damaged, the diseased part was immersed in water, brown, with obvious rims, the edges were not obvious when wet, and the spread was extremely fast. There were sparse white moulds on the lesions. The lesions cease to expand when dry and the diseased tissue is dry. Flowers are killed; often at the onset of flooding, it is immersed in brownish wet rot, spreads downward, often turning the stems brown and rot, shrinking so that they break off and the upper leaves wilting. Damage to seedlings often occurs with cataplexy, and the diseased part often produces white flocculent mycelia. 2. Transmission routes and conditions The disease is caused by the infection of Phytophthora capsici. In the high temperature (28 ~ 30 °C optimum), high humidity, low-lying, poor drainage, too dense, too late planting, partial nitrogen fertilizer application, extensive management, double cropping, long fruit type disease is more serious. Especially in the result period and after the rain, it is most likely to develop. The humidity in the protected area is large, the plants have water (invading water), the relative humidity of the air is above 85%, and the temperature is 25-35°C. The pathogens overwinter on the soil in the soil and are harmed by wind and rain. 3. Control methods Agricultural control. Selection of disease-resistant varieties, disease-prone areas generally use round eggplant type, choose a higher ground cultivation. Remove the disease in time and bring it out of the field for centralized treatment. Appropriate application of phosphorus, potassium fertilizer, improve disease resistance. With melons, beans and other vegetables for 3 to 4 years of rotation. Chemical control. Early onset of spraying protection, can choose 25% metalaxyl WP 800 to 1000 times, 58% metalaxyl MnZn WP 500 times, 40% EB aluminum wettable powder 300 times, 64 % Antivirus M8 WP can be 400 to 500 times liquid, 77% can be used to kill wettable particulate powder 500 times, spray once every 7 to 10 days, continuous spraying 2 or 3 times. Third, the physiological disease of eggplant (a) abnormal fruit shape, plump fruit, the lower part of the expansion of fruit, fruit shape is a bad fruit. There is a close relationship between the bad state of the eggplant and the nutritional status of the plant. Plant hormones, soils, and fertilizers all have a significant effect on fruit shape abnormalities. Different kinds of plant growth regulators have different effects on fruit shape. It is easy to produce a chunky type of fruit using 2,4-D treatment. Dilute concentrations of sodium oxychlorophene acetic acid tend to produce short fruit with short shortening, and fruit shape after treatment with tomato spirit is better. Using different kinds of plant growth regulators, care should be taken to use different concentrations at different temperature conditions. Attention should be paid to soil moisture. When the soil is relatively dry, treatment of flowers with plant growth regulators will produce stone fruit. When the soil is slightly dry, treatment with plant hormones will tend to produce dwarf fruit, and when the humidity is moderate or the humidity is high, the fruit will grow better. Fertilizers have a significant effect on fruit shape. In the case of too much ammonium, there will be a staggering type of bad fruit, which is mostly due to the inhibition of fruit enlargement, cutting the fruit can see the phenomenon of the black part of the top of the fruit. From the appearance, the disease is completely different from that of tail rot. In the case of too much ammonium nitrogen, the darkening of the fruit is caused by calcium deficiency, and when calcium is insufficient, it is also likely to produce a dwarf fruit. Fruit enlargement can also be significantly affected when potassium is insufficient, so supply sufficient potassium. The effect of carbon monoxide. The oxidation easily inhibits fruit enlargement. In severe cases, stone fruit will be produced. If the damage is light, it will also cause abnormal fruit shape. Pay attention to the use of the stove and avoid incomplete combustion. (b) of the fruit cracking fruit 1, the fruit of the cracking occurs as a cracking fruit. Most of the cracked parts of the lycopene start from below the calyx, and there are also many cases of cracking of the fruit at the top of the fruit and in the middle abdomen. 2. The cause of cracking occurred more often in eggplant cultivation in summer and autumn. It is extremely prone to occur during the day when it is hot, dry, and flooding in the evening. The friction between the fruit and the leaves causes the fruit surface to be damaged. After the irrigation, the meat expands and the damaged part is easily broken. Since the burning of the stove in the hot blast stove is incomplete, and the resulting carbon monoxide inhibits fruit enlargement, the luster of the fruit will disappear. If excessive moisture is given, cracking will occur. Although the skin of the fruit is hard, excessive absorption of the pulp can cause cracking. Reasonable water supply can reduce and avoid cracking. (3) Strange fruit 1. The surface of the symptoms, the luster of the fruit, disappears, also known as the unlit fruit or dull fruit. Symptoms of mild onset were only on the top or on one side of the fruit, and the entire fruit with heavy disease was completely dull. About 10 days after flowering, when the fruit begins to swell significantly, if the water transferred from the plant to the fruit is insufficient, the luster of the fruit will disappear, the swelling of the fruit will be inhibited, and a bulb-shaped inferior fruit will be easily formed. 2. The control method is to make the root system absorb water well, and the soil must keep proper water content. After April, the temperature in the greenhouse rises, and the evaporation of water increases. It is not enough to fill a small amount of water. The soil requires more humus to improve the effective water retention. Pay attention to maintaining the vitality of the root system. Too much fruit will affect the vitality of the root. The rise of the groundwater level will also weaken the vitality of the root. The vitality of the roots distributed on the earth's surface is often degraded by changes in soil temperature, or changes in soil temperature. Although there is moisture in the soil, if the plant cannot fully absorb water, matte fruit easily occurs. When rainy days begin to turn fine on Sunday, special attention must be paid. On cloudy days, the transpiration of the leaves is low, and the roots are less absorbent. After the sharp turn of the eye, the temperature rises and transpiration accelerates. When the roots are disordered and the absorbed water is still low, the leaves will suffer from water shortages, causing the leaves and the fruit to compete for water, which will easily produce a matt fruit. In this case, the leaves must be watered in the morning. Back

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