The main disease symptoms and prevention of seven-leaf chicken claw pepper

Seven-leaf Chicken Chili Pepper is a generation of hybrids cultivated by the Hangzhou Institute of Vegetable Research. In 1996, it was jointly introduced by the Seed Station of Sanming City, Fujian Province, Yong'an Seed Station, Agricultural Technology Station, and Vegetable Station. After years of demonstration and promotion of surface tests, the area has been increasing year by year. It has become the main cultivar of local farmers for early spring cultivation, and is one of the city's export vegetables. It is also an important source of farmers' income. In 2003, it passed the certification of Fujian Provincial Variety Committee and was listed as a promotion product in Fujian Province. According to incomplete statistics, in 2004 the city's planting area reached more than 400 hectares, the output was generally between 2000 and 300 tons, and the output value could reach 3000-4000 yuan. However, with the expansion of planting area, whether it is protected cultivation or conventional cultivation, various diseases, especially wilt, root rot, anthracnose, disease, and virus disease are harmful and spread. According to the content of the farmers' consultation and the on-the-spot observations and the preventive measures taken, the author learned that the tracking service and feedback provided good results. Disease symptoms and comprehensive control techniques are introduced as follows for reference by farmers.
1. Main Disease Symptoms (1) Wilt Disease Wilt disease mainly occurs during the flowering period. Once the disease occurs, if it is not controlled in time, the susceptible plant will die within 3 to 5 days. One of the symptoms is the initial stage of the diseased plant. The old leaves on the bottom yellow and fall. The upper leaves are intact. The uprooted cortex in contact with the ground is found to be yellow-brown and water-soaked, and it is easily peeled off, especially after rain. The lower leaves will fall off in large numbers; the second symptom is that the susceptible plants only have a black necrotic streak on one side of the main stem, causing collateral death and defoliation.
(2) The symptoms of root rot disease are similar to those of wilt disease, but they are slower than wilt. The symptoms differ in that the cortex of the roots of the early stage of the disease is rotted and rotted in light brown water. When the humidity in the field is large, the cortex gradually turns dark brown and rots and detaches with the xylem. At this time, the xylem of the diseased plant is brown.
(3) The epidemic mainly threatens the growth point, and it is most likely to show symptoms in the heart leaf, leaf margin, and tiller. The main symptom is that the affected heart and leaf margins are black and soft like boiling water. The infected part is dark brown and easily broken.
(4) Anthrax mainly damages the leaves. If the control is not timely, although the plants will not die, it will cause a lot of defoliation, which will seriously affect the yield and quality. Symptoms are the size of rice grains on the leaves at the beginning of the disease and small green spots. With the increase of temperature and humidity in the field, the spots gradually expand to form small round spots with grayish white depressions, brown spots or brown edges in the middle.
(5) Virus disease is mainly caused by mosaic and fern leaf virus infection. Symptoms are dwarfing of plants, stagnation of growth points, gradual decrease of leaves from bottom to top, and minimum of new apex leaves. The leaves are yellow-green and shrunken. The leaves are hard, brittle, and easily broken.
2. Main prevention measures
2.1 Agricultural Control (1) Rational crop rotations are to be taken with rice or non-solanum dishes.
(2) Cultivate strong seedlings Use dilute seeds to control density, and time seedlings, timely planting, promote robust seedling growth, and increase plant disease resistance.
(3) Strengthen the field management before deep-drying the sun through regrowth, then apply 75kg lime per 667m2 in combination with the whole sorghum, add phosphorus and potassium fertilizers and a small amount of borax on the basis of sufficient organic fertilizer (2~3kg/667m2 ), Plant close and proper, control the humidity in the field, and keep the gutters dry and wet. The diseased plants were found to be removed in time and sterilized around them. At the same time, field weeds were removed, the density of aphids was reduced, and the incidence and spread of disease were reduced.
2.2 Chemical agent control Based on the agricultural control, we must also pay close attention to the following four scientific and rational use of pesticides. The first seed must be sterilized by soaking seeds in water at 55°C for 15 minutes or soaking in 1% copper sulfate for 5 minutes to destroy the seeds. During the second prosthesis, 1 to 2 times of protective fungicides such as Dasheng M-45 or Jinggangmycin should be sprayed to prevent disease infection. The mixture was sprayed with 75% chlorothalonil 800 times and 10% imidacloprid 2-3 times before the third transplanting. In the fourth transplanting, the root water was added in combination with 50% of the enemy's 800-fold solution to water the roots, and after half months, 50% of the carbendazim solution was added to the roots to treat the urine. Usually during the growth period, the combination of topdressing with carbendazim or dexamethasone for 3 times can effectively prevent the occurrence of blight and root rot. In short, disease prevention should be mainly prevention, and the disease should be immediately treated. According to the effect of local pesticide application, the following pesticides can be applied to achieve effective control.
(1) Fusarium wilt and root rot add 5500% of carbendazim or 500 to 600 times of enemy liquid to Aodado 4500x or 8000x 481 and other plant growth regulators. 2 times or with 77% of the 600 times to kill rooting, 7 days, once poured 2 times.
(2) The epidemic is sprayed with foliar fertilizer 800 times or 64% antivirus 600 times.
(3) Anthrax is sprayed with foliar sprays at 1000 times the world's high level or 700 times at the master's level or 77% at 600 times.
(4) Viruses can escape with 1500 times liquid venom or virus K1200 times or 1500 times.
The above diseases sometimes occur mixedly and should be used alternately when spraying pesticides. In addition to spraying copper preparations, it is best to add 0.2-0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate, borax mixed liquor or foliar fertilizer when spraying other pesticides.
Author unit: Agricultural Bureau of Yong'an City, Fujian Province

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