High-yield and high-sugar cultivation techniques for sugarcane in paddy field
The high-yield and high-sugar cultivation of sugarcane in paddy fields includes technical aspects such as site preparation, seedling treatment, cultivation, and mulching.
Site preparation
The site preparation requires deep plowing and fine soil preparation to create a good soil environment of “deep, loose, fine, flat, and fat†for sugar cane. The depth of the plow should reach 40 cm. The soil should be loose but not loose, soft but not hard, fine and not powdery. This kind of soil is conducive to the coordination of the contradiction between moisture and air, and the effect of fertilizer application is good. It can supply sugar cane continuously and evenly. nutrient.
The cultivation of sugarcane in paddy field and the rotation of rice and sugarcane are more common. This kind of sugarcane field preparation requires the timely control of water after rice is harvested. In the case of moderate soil moisture and suitable for ploughing, it is necessary to seize the opportunity to plow the soil and allow the soil to fully expose to weathering. Fine, open the cane trench after the spring.
In the process of soil preparation, the water field cane must carefully dig irrigation and drainage channels in accordance with the topography. In the flat terrain of the sugar cane, drainage trenches must be excavated in all directions. The depth of the ditch must be 50 to 70 cm in order to cut off the infiltration of water from all sides. The trunk or branch can be no less than 40-50 cm deep. If the cane is not flat, drains should be installed at low elevations. Drains should be provided from high to low according to the direction of the source. .
Excavation of cane trenches
Planting cane ditch depth is generally 30 to 35 cm, bottom width of 20 to 25 cm, poor drainage, higher groundwater table can be appropriate shallow some sugar cane, deep soil, drainage cane area can be deeper. The row spacing between sugarcane canals is between 90 and 110cm. In cane areas where the average annual temperature is above 20°C (such as Yuanjiang, Ruili, and Ganjiangba), sugarcane sprouts quickly, has more tillers, and has a long extension period. Select 100 The line spacing of ~110 cm is more appropriate. In the south subtropical sugarcane area with an average annual temperature of 18°C ​​to 19.9°C, it is advisable to choose a row spacing of 90 to 100 cm.
Basal Fertilizer
After the excavation, the sugar cane ditch is applied to the bottom of the plant. The weight of the organic fertilizer is 1500 kg per acre of base fertilizer, 15 to 20 kg of urea, 50 to 60 kg of calcium sulfate, and 20 kg of potassium sulfate (or potassium chloride). Mix evenly in the ditch, and then use a hoe to ditch the ditch to mix the soil and fertilizer.
Variety selection and seedling treatment
The selection of good varieties is one of the key measures for high yields. In paddy fields, medium and large stems or large stems, good yield potential, and strong perennial varieties, such as Xintai Sugar No. 10, Xintai Sugar No. 16 and Xintai Sugar No. 22, should be selected. Cloud cane 81/173, cloud cane 89/151, cane 89/7, Fu Nong 91/21, caramel 69/421 and so on. The planting sugarcane garden should choose a new planting sugarcane garden with robust growth, no miscellaneous, and no pests and diseases. The seedlings are planted with upper plant cane stalks, cut 2 to 3 buds, cut along the sugarcane stems, and grow short and long. Cut into bevels. The cut-out cane seeds are sown with 5% to 8% lime water (two hoe culms) or soaked with carbendazim to reduce pests and diseases and increase the germination rate of sugarcane.
Under cultivation
1. Cultivation time: High-yielding cultivation of sugarcane in paddy field requires early time. There is a frosted sugarcane area. Seeds are planted in the “spring†to “spring equinox†type. The sooner the better, there is no frosty sugarcane area, and the winter planting cane film is used to cover the area. Using the characteristics of rapid temperature rise in Yunnan in February, March and April, we strive to get early emergence and lay the foundation for early jointing.
2. Cultivation density: The density of the following species is determined according to the row spacing. The sugarcane field with a row spacing of 100 to 110 cm is suitable for 7000 mu, and 8000 buds are suitable for a row spacing of 90 to 100 cm.
3. The next way: according to the amount of the next species can take two rows or two pairs of air-to-air seeding, sugarcane planted flat in the cane ditch, buds on both sides, two rows of seedlings to maintain a distance of 10 cm, covering the thickness of 3 ~ 4 cm.
Spray herbicide and cover film timely
After the sugar cane is planted, it is necessary to timely irrigate the seedlings, and it is advisable to use the ditch water for the emergence of the seedlings to avoid the accumulation of water in the fields and prevent the loss of the base fertilizer. After 2 to 5 days after irrigation, 40% of atrazine 200 to 250 ml or 80% of arson 100 to 130 g of herbicide is used per acre to uniformly spray 60 kg of water on the cane top soil. Prevention and treatment of seedling grass "grass nest" hazard sugarcane seedlings. After the herbicide sprayed in the sugarcane field, the mulch is covered. The mulch film is required to adhere to the soil surface, compacted on both sides, not ventilated and breathable, and ensure that the translucent surface is more than 20 cm.
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