Disinfection of soil with cotton, lime nitrogen effect is good

Whether it is a greenhouse or a field crop, due to many years of heavy cropping, some soil-borne diseases have occurred in large areas, which seriously affect the yield and quality. Therefore, soil disinfection is very necessary. According to the Survey of Agricultural Consumption in Shandong Province, many farmers hope to understand the technology of soil disinfection. This reporter interviewed Cao Yucheng, Director of the Pesticides Section of the Plant Protection Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences.

According to Cao Yucheng’s introduction, methyl bromide, cotton wool, Weibaimu, chloropicrin, 1,3-dichloropropene, and calcium cyanamide (commonly known as lime nitrogen) and other agricultural chemicals are commonly used in production. Techniques for soil disinfection. Among them, methyl bromide is the one with the largest area, the best disinfection effect, and the lower cost, but it is gradually banned because of its destructive effect on the ozone layer. The province will completely ban the use of it in 2013. The replacement products of methyl bromide are mainly cotton wool and chloropicrin, but because chloropicrin is a highly toxic drug, if it is used carelessly, it can easily cause poisoning. The cotton london has a relatively good effect on production. It is safe, efficient, low-toxic, non-residue, and easy to use. It is currently the focus of promotion and application of pesticide products. Calcium cyanamide is also one of the substitutes for methyl bromide, and it combines efficacy and fertilizer efficiency. It not only has good control effect as root rot and bacterial wilt, but also can provide calcium fertilizer necessary for growth and Nitrogen fertilizer.

Cotton wool operation method:

1, fine soil preparation. Before use, deep plowing (about 30 cm) is performed. The soil is rotted with a rotary tiller to make the soil particles fine and uniform.

2. Maintain soil moisture 60%-70%. In case of continuous sunny weather, the humidity will not reach 60%-70% and it will need to be poured beforehand. After 3-4 days of irrigating (humidity is mixed into groups by hand, and 1 meter high can be dissipated as standard), various pathogens and nematodes are sensitive to the drug, weed seeds are ready to sprout, and are easier to be tamped. Gas killed.

3, the application must be uniform. The soil manure is first thrown into the ground, and then it is evenly beaten with a rotary cultivator (the pathogens in the manure are fumigated and killed together), and then the cotton tallow is sprinkled into the soil at 30 kg/mu, and the rotary cultivator is used again. Again hit evenly.

In order to avoid secondary infection, manure must be added before disinfection, because the cotton dragon is inactivated and the biological fungus should not be used at the same time. Immediately after application, use a rotary cultivator to mix the soil to a depth of 25-30 cm so that the pesticide is in full contact with the soil particles. The greenhouses and greenhouses must ensure that the columns and corners are in place.

4, the correct use of plastic cloth. Plastic sheeting should not be too thin (some farmers use mulch film, which is absolutely unnecessary), and it is best to use an impermeable membrane (airtight) or a plastic film over 0.04 mm. Immediately after the soil is mixed with soil, the rotary cultivator is sealed with an airtight plastic film and the four sides are sealed. Note that the film cannot be damaged. It is better to use a new film to prevent the leakage of air and reduce the disinfection effect. It is best to finish the coating in rotation within 2-3 hours.

5, to maintain a certain coverage time. After coating, according to the temperature, seal and disinfect 12-20 days, at least not less than 12 days.

6, to ensure adequate ventilation, to ensure no residue damage. Remove the mulch and retort at the same depth (30 cm). Breath it for more than one week and plant it safely.

Precautions when using cotton sterilizer:

(1) The optimum application temperature is 12°C or more.

(2) The summer application should avoid high temperatures, before 9 am and after 4 pm.

(3) Before the second crop is planted in the two crop-growing areas, the use of unripe farmyard fertilizers or disinfection of the farmyard fertilizers should be avoided.

The application of calcium cyanamide:

(a) the application of protected areas of vegetables.

1. After the summer crop is pulled out, the phosphorus and potassium fertilizers are applied, and the crop straws are crushed and applied to the organic fertilizer 1000-3000 kg/mu.

2. Apply calcium cyanamide 60-100 kg/mu and apply evenly.

3. Deeply pour 25-30 cm deep and mix the calcium cyanamide with the soil.

4, north-south ridging, ridge height 10 cm.

5. Seal the soil with membranes according to the east-west direction.

6, flood irrigation, generally require irrigation twice.

7. Close the greenhouses tightly and airtight for more than 20 days.

8, after the removal of the ventilation film can be planted crops.

(b) The application of calcium cyanamide in planting crops such as ginger, yam, and garlic.

Before the site preparation, sprinkle 40-60 kg/mu of calcium cyanamide together with the compound fertilizer, plunge the soil 25 cm deep, level the ground, keep the soil moisture 60%-70% for one week, and then sow or plant the crop.

The cost of soil disinfection costs 1,500 yuan per mu, and 600 yuan for calcium cyanoaminate and 900-1,000 yuan for Weibaimu.

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