The cultivation of silver seedlings
2018-05-22 16:00:49
First, fry cultivation (fry cultivate summer flowers)
(I) Fry culture pond conditions Fish pond area and requirements The fry cultivation pond is the hair pond, and the area is suitable for l - 3 mu. Fry cultivation pool requirements: close to the water, injection and drainage is convenient; soil is good, no water leakage; flat bottom, silt layer thickness of 10-15cm, the pool and the pool is not long grass; pool facing the sun, adequate light; deep pool 1. 5-2.0m, water injection depth of 0.5-1.2m.
2. The specific method of pond clearing and disinfection is similar to the broodstock culture pond. However, the fry pool must be dry, exposed to sunlight, and divert excess silt, but to keep the surface of 5cm of sludge; pool bottom leveling, pool dam and injection, drainage system intact. Lime clear ponds were used 10 days before transplanting, with the same amount as before. Or clear the pond with bleach, the amount of dry pond (with water 5-10cm) with 5-10Kg per mu, Quanji splashing wine. However, although bleaching ponds can kill wild fish and predators, they do not have the effect of quicklime to improve water quality and make water fat.
3. Cultivate fry puff bait fry from the lower pond to a total length of about 20cm, food size changes are generally: rotifers and nauplii - small Cladocera - large Cladocera and scabs. This change is basically the same with the reproduction order of pond zooplankton. The key to fry cultivation is to grasp the timing of fertilization, that is, the reproduction of zooplankton just after fertilization is just suitable for the feeding needs of ponds. When the fish fry under the pond, they mainly eat rotifers. Therefore, the number of rotifers in the pond is directly related to the survival rate of the fry under the fry pond and the subsequent outflow rate. Therefore, it is necessary to use the pond with the largest number of rotifers. According to many years of experience, it takes about five to six days for the pond to grow from fertilization to rotifer breeding. Therefore, it is necessary to fertilize the fish one week before the pond, and the number of breeding rotifers in the pond and the peak time of the pond rotifers dormancy The water temperature is closely related to the general pond bottom silt is thick, strong water retention, and a large number of top-dressed ponds of organic fertilizer, more rotifer eggs dormant in silt, new ponds are less digging, and rotifer eggs are mostly distributed in 0 - 5cm of surface silt, so leave the surface when clear pond. The peak period of rotifer breeding usually lasts for 3-5 days, after which it rapidly declines due to invasion of enemy pests or lack of food. When the rotifers have not yet reached the peak, small clumps will appear sporadically, and then gradually increase in number. They ingest large amounts of phytoplankton, bacteria and organic debris, and inhibit the growth and development of rotifers. Therefore, in the event of its sporadic appearance, 0.03-0.05 ppm of trichlorfon is killed to kill it, and an appropriate amount of organic fertilizer is added to maintain the rotifer peak period. Therefore, timely fertilization is the key to fry. Generally, the number of fish fry ponds should reach 5000-10000 liters per litre and the biomass should be more than 20mg. To determine the number of rotifers in ponds, one can visually calculate the number of small white spots (rotifers) per m1 of water, using glass beakers and pool water, against the sunlight. For example, if there are 10 small white spots per ml of water, then each litre of water There are 10,000 rotifers.
(2) Fry stocking specifications and density After the fry is hatched, wait until it develops to the level of swimming and then feed the egg yellow water for 2-3 days. At this time, the total length of the fry is about 5-6mm. Stocking densities are generally between 70,000-120,000 per acre. Such a density can be cultivated into a 3cm size summer flower in 15-20 days, and the survival rate can reach 80-90%.
(3) The feeding habits of fry cultivating Founder Silver Clam have been discussed in Section II. From hatching to 15–20mm in length, the main crustaceans and Chironomid larvae were ingested; after 20mm, plant foods were taken. (Mainly phytoplankton) and detritus-based, similar to adult fish. Under artificial breeding conditions, artificial feed is the mainstay. Therefore, according to the characteristics of this change in feeding habits, the main pre-cultivation period is mainly to fertilize zooplankton, and in addition to fertilization in the later period, it is necessary to feed artificial diet properly. Comprehensive experience, fry breeding techniques are about the following.
1, manure cultivation method in the South to a variety of livestock, poultry excrement for urine, north to cattle excrement and chicken manure, manure in advance through a full fermentation maturity. Before the disinfection and dewatering of fish ponds, a base fertilizer is applied at a rate of 200-300 kg per mu; the water quality of the fish is lower and lower, and the water is reduced afterwards. The dosage per acre is about 50 Kg. Fertilizing amount and interval time must be controlled flexibly depending on the color of the water, the floating condition of the fry and the weather, and the water color should be brown green or oil green.
2. Organic Fertilizer and Soybean Milk Mixed Cultivation At present, this method is adopted in most regions. The advantage is that organic fertilizer is used instead of part of soybean milk to breed zooplankton, which reduces the amount of soybeans, makes the water quality more stable, and has a good effect on fish farming. The practice is: fish seedlings pond 5-7 days before the application of 100-200Kg per acre organic fertilizer rotifers. After the fish fry under the pond, 2Kg or so soybean milk was fed every mu in the early stage; artificial feed such as beancake paste was fed after 10 days in the lower pond. At the same time, depending on the condition of water and fat, 50-100kg of organic fertilizer is applied every 3-5 days.
3. Soymilk cultivation method This is a method used in areas along the Yangtze River and Zhejiang Provinces. Now it is combined with the second breeder breeding method. When the fry was just under the pond, it was necessary to splash soybean milk 2-3 times a day, and the amount of 3-4 kg of soybeans per acre per day was used as a slurry. Increased to 5-6kg in 5 days, and then increase properly according to the water's fatness. Usually 10,000 summer flowers need to use soybeans or soybean cake 7-8 kg.
(D) Daily management Water injection during the water period can significantly increase the growth rate and survival rate of fry. The method is: When the fish is under the pond, the water depth is 50-70cm. After every 3-5 days, the water is injected once, each time the water is injected 15-20cm. The water inlet should be sealed with a dense net to prevent wild fish and predators from entering. 2 The patrol ponds will be patrolled once a day in the morning and evening to observe the dynamics of water color and fry, so as to determine the amount of fertilization, the amount of feeding, and whether to add water or not. Remove the poolside weeds at any time and remove the frog eggs.
3. Before the fish out of the pool, the training fry can be cultivated or sold in ponds after being cultivated for 15 to 20 days and grown to 2.5–3 cm in length (already a summer flower). Divide ponds before the appropriate fish training, especially before transport must be 1-2 times of exercise. The method is: Select the sunny day at about 10:00, use the summer fish net to pull the fish into the cage fixed to the pool or temporarily make the fish net into a cage. Pull the net to be gentle. When the fish enters the cage, do not allow the dirt to enter. After the fish have all entered the cage, remove the dirt from the tank and give a certain flow of water to move the top of the fish and expel it from the body. After 3-4 hours, the fish was returned to the original pool and continued to exercise on the second day. After such exercise fish can be divided and sold.
Second, fingerling cultivation Fingerling cultivation is mainly used for the northern region of the two-year cultivation, the first year of breeding 50-100g of fish species, the second year to develop 0.15-0.25 Kg of commercial fish. In the south of the Yangtze River basin, they are cultivated in the same year, that is, they spend 15 to 10 days to grow summer flowers in ponds, and then use nesting, polyculture, main breeding or large lake stocking and other methods. 0.15-0.4kg of commercial fish.
Fish breeding pond conditions Fish breeding pond conditions are similar to those of fish nursery ponds, but the area requirements are relatively large, generally 2-3 mu, and the water depth is 1.3-2 m. Its clear pond, disinfection, etc. are also the same as the fry pond. Due to the fertile soil in the north, the pool water in Laotang and Xintang will be quickly fattened, so the general fish ponds are not fertilized or applied with a small amount of fertilizer.
(II) Stocking specifications and stocking densities
1, a raise in the end of the oil pond area of ​​2-3 acres. From the fry to summer flowering stage, fry cultivation methods are adopted, mainly applying organic fertilizer and splashing soya-bean milk, fertilizer water to cultivate the peculiar bait of fry: summer flowers are fed to artificial fish feed, but generally farm feed, such as bean cake, rice bran, Wheat bran is fermented and fed. Extensive cultivation techniques, low yield per mu, and small fish species specifications. In general, 6000-9000 fry are put in the mu and the survival rate is 50-60%. Fish species specifications in the 30-50g, about 150Kg per mu. 2. Polyculture and polycultures such as cockroaches, cockroaches, and cockroaches. Full use of granular foods and domesticated fish culture techniques. Stocking ratios are: silver cockroaches 50%, cod cod 20%, eels and cod fish 30%. Acres put 6000-8000 tails of various types of summer flowers, the survival rate is 80%, and the fish species size reaches 50-100g. About 3500kg per mu is produced, and the production of silver cocoon is about 150kg.
3, full use of granular food and domesticated fish culture technology. Silver cocoons account for 70-80%, cockroaches and cod fish account for 20-30%, acres of summer flowers spend 8000-10000, survival rate is 80-90%, silver fingerlings of fish species reach 50kg, cockroaches and cod fish reach 100-150g. About 400kg per mu, including about 300kg per mu.
(3) Daily management is similar to fry cultivation. Adhere to the morning and evening patrols to observe changes in water color and fish dynamics. Check the food table and food market once a day in the afternoon to understand the fish’s feeding conditions, determine the amount of feeding the next day, clean the food table frequently, and disinfect the food table and food court with bleach every half a month. Frequent removal of weeds from the pool, grass residues in the pond, corruption, etc. Keep the pond clean. Timely water injection to improve water quality. More than 300kg per mu pond. For every 6 mu of pond in summer, there is a 3 kW aerator. Regularly check the growth of fish, do a good job of flood prevention, prevention and control of diseases and other work. In August, a lime water is splashed every 20 days or so in Quanchipang, so that the pool water concentration is 50 ppm, which can effectively prevent the rot disease.
(I) Fry culture pond conditions Fish pond area and requirements The fry cultivation pond is the hair pond, and the area is suitable for l - 3 mu. Fry cultivation pool requirements: close to the water, injection and drainage is convenient; soil is good, no water leakage; flat bottom, silt layer thickness of 10-15cm, the pool and the pool is not long grass; pool facing the sun, adequate light; deep pool 1. 5-2.0m, water injection depth of 0.5-1.2m.
2. The specific method of pond clearing and disinfection is similar to the broodstock culture pond. However, the fry pool must be dry, exposed to sunlight, and divert excess silt, but to keep the surface of 5cm of sludge; pool bottom leveling, pool dam and injection, drainage system intact. Lime clear ponds were used 10 days before transplanting, with the same amount as before. Or clear the pond with bleach, the amount of dry pond (with water 5-10cm) with 5-10Kg per mu, Quanji splashing wine. However, although bleaching ponds can kill wild fish and predators, they do not have the effect of quicklime to improve water quality and make water fat.
3. Cultivate fry puff bait fry from the lower pond to a total length of about 20cm, food size changes are generally: rotifers and nauplii - small Cladocera - large Cladocera and scabs. This change is basically the same with the reproduction order of pond zooplankton. The key to fry cultivation is to grasp the timing of fertilization, that is, the reproduction of zooplankton just after fertilization is just suitable for the feeding needs of ponds. When the fish fry under the pond, they mainly eat rotifers. Therefore, the number of rotifers in the pond is directly related to the survival rate of the fry under the fry pond and the subsequent outflow rate. Therefore, it is necessary to use the pond with the largest number of rotifers. According to many years of experience, it takes about five to six days for the pond to grow from fertilization to rotifer breeding. Therefore, it is necessary to fertilize the fish one week before the pond, and the number of breeding rotifers in the pond and the peak time of the pond rotifers dormancy The water temperature is closely related to the general pond bottom silt is thick, strong water retention, and a large number of top-dressed ponds of organic fertilizer, more rotifer eggs dormant in silt, new ponds are less digging, and rotifer eggs are mostly distributed in 0 - 5cm of surface silt, so leave the surface when clear pond. The peak period of rotifer breeding usually lasts for 3-5 days, after which it rapidly declines due to invasion of enemy pests or lack of food. When the rotifers have not yet reached the peak, small clumps will appear sporadically, and then gradually increase in number. They ingest large amounts of phytoplankton, bacteria and organic debris, and inhibit the growth and development of rotifers. Therefore, in the event of its sporadic appearance, 0.03-0.05 ppm of trichlorfon is killed to kill it, and an appropriate amount of organic fertilizer is added to maintain the rotifer peak period. Therefore, timely fertilization is the key to fry. Generally, the number of fish fry ponds should reach 5000-10000 liters per litre and the biomass should be more than 20mg. To determine the number of rotifers in ponds, one can visually calculate the number of small white spots (rotifers) per m1 of water, using glass beakers and pool water, against the sunlight. For example, if there are 10 small white spots per ml of water, then each litre of water There are 10,000 rotifers.
(2) Fry stocking specifications and density After the fry is hatched, wait until it develops to the level of swimming and then feed the egg yellow water for 2-3 days. At this time, the total length of the fry is about 5-6mm. Stocking densities are generally between 70,000-120,000 per acre. Such a density can be cultivated into a 3cm size summer flower in 15-20 days, and the survival rate can reach 80-90%.
(3) The feeding habits of fry cultivating Founder Silver Clam have been discussed in Section II. From hatching to 15–20mm in length, the main crustaceans and Chironomid larvae were ingested; after 20mm, plant foods were taken. (Mainly phytoplankton) and detritus-based, similar to adult fish. Under artificial breeding conditions, artificial feed is the mainstay. Therefore, according to the characteristics of this change in feeding habits, the main pre-cultivation period is mainly to fertilize zooplankton, and in addition to fertilization in the later period, it is necessary to feed artificial diet properly. Comprehensive experience, fry breeding techniques are about the following.
1, manure cultivation method in the South to a variety of livestock, poultry excrement for urine, north to cattle excrement and chicken manure, manure in advance through a full fermentation maturity. Before the disinfection and dewatering of fish ponds, a base fertilizer is applied at a rate of 200-300 kg per mu; the water quality of the fish is lower and lower, and the water is reduced afterwards. The dosage per acre is about 50 Kg. Fertilizing amount and interval time must be controlled flexibly depending on the color of the water, the floating condition of the fry and the weather, and the water color should be brown green or oil green.
2. Organic Fertilizer and Soybean Milk Mixed Cultivation At present, this method is adopted in most regions. The advantage is that organic fertilizer is used instead of part of soybean milk to breed zooplankton, which reduces the amount of soybeans, makes the water quality more stable, and has a good effect on fish farming. The practice is: fish seedlings pond 5-7 days before the application of 100-200Kg per acre organic fertilizer rotifers. After the fish fry under the pond, 2Kg or so soybean milk was fed every mu in the early stage; artificial feed such as beancake paste was fed after 10 days in the lower pond. At the same time, depending on the condition of water and fat, 50-100kg of organic fertilizer is applied every 3-5 days.
3. Soymilk cultivation method This is a method used in areas along the Yangtze River and Zhejiang Provinces. Now it is combined with the second breeder breeding method. When the fry was just under the pond, it was necessary to splash soybean milk 2-3 times a day, and the amount of 3-4 kg of soybeans per acre per day was used as a slurry. Increased to 5-6kg in 5 days, and then increase properly according to the water's fatness. Usually 10,000 summer flowers need to use soybeans or soybean cake 7-8 kg.
(D) Daily management Water injection during the water period can significantly increase the growth rate and survival rate of fry. The method is: When the fish is under the pond, the water depth is 50-70cm. After every 3-5 days, the water is injected once, each time the water is injected 15-20cm. The water inlet should be sealed with a dense net to prevent wild fish and predators from entering. 2 The patrol ponds will be patrolled once a day in the morning and evening to observe the dynamics of water color and fry, so as to determine the amount of fertilization, the amount of feeding, and whether to add water or not. Remove the poolside weeds at any time and remove the frog eggs.
3. Before the fish out of the pool, the training fry can be cultivated or sold in ponds after being cultivated for 15 to 20 days and grown to 2.5–3 cm in length (already a summer flower). Divide ponds before the appropriate fish training, especially before transport must be 1-2 times of exercise. The method is: Select the sunny day at about 10:00, use the summer fish net to pull the fish into the cage fixed to the pool or temporarily make the fish net into a cage. Pull the net to be gentle. When the fish enters the cage, do not allow the dirt to enter. After the fish have all entered the cage, remove the dirt from the tank and give a certain flow of water to move the top of the fish and expel it from the body. After 3-4 hours, the fish was returned to the original pool and continued to exercise on the second day. After such exercise fish can be divided and sold.
Second, fingerling cultivation Fingerling cultivation is mainly used for the northern region of the two-year cultivation, the first year of breeding 50-100g of fish species, the second year to develop 0.15-0.25 Kg of commercial fish. In the south of the Yangtze River basin, they are cultivated in the same year, that is, they spend 15 to 10 days to grow summer flowers in ponds, and then use nesting, polyculture, main breeding or large lake stocking and other methods. 0.15-0.4kg of commercial fish.
Fish breeding pond conditions Fish breeding pond conditions are similar to those of fish nursery ponds, but the area requirements are relatively large, generally 2-3 mu, and the water depth is 1.3-2 m. Its clear pond, disinfection, etc. are also the same as the fry pond. Due to the fertile soil in the north, the pool water in Laotang and Xintang will be quickly fattened, so the general fish ponds are not fertilized or applied with a small amount of fertilizer.
(II) Stocking specifications and stocking densities
1, a raise in the end of the oil pond area of ​​2-3 acres. From the fry to summer flowering stage, fry cultivation methods are adopted, mainly applying organic fertilizer and splashing soya-bean milk, fertilizer water to cultivate the peculiar bait of fry: summer flowers are fed to artificial fish feed, but generally farm feed, such as bean cake, rice bran, Wheat bran is fermented and fed. Extensive cultivation techniques, low yield per mu, and small fish species specifications. In general, 6000-9000 fry are put in the mu and the survival rate is 50-60%. Fish species specifications in the 30-50g, about 150Kg per mu. 2. Polyculture and polycultures such as cockroaches, cockroaches, and cockroaches. Full use of granular foods and domesticated fish culture techniques. Stocking ratios are: silver cockroaches 50%, cod cod 20%, eels and cod fish 30%. Acres put 6000-8000 tails of various types of summer flowers, the survival rate is 80%, and the fish species size reaches 50-100g. About 3500kg per mu is produced, and the production of silver cocoon is about 150kg.
3, full use of granular food and domesticated fish culture technology. Silver cocoons account for 70-80%, cockroaches and cod fish account for 20-30%, acres of summer flowers spend 8000-10000, survival rate is 80-90%, silver fingerlings of fish species reach 50kg, cockroaches and cod fish reach 100-150g. About 400kg per mu, including about 300kg per mu.
(3) Daily management is similar to fry cultivation. Adhere to the morning and evening patrols to observe changes in water color and fish dynamics. Check the food table and food market once a day in the afternoon to understand the fish’s feeding conditions, determine the amount of feeding the next day, clean the food table frequently, and disinfect the food table and food court with bleach every half a month. Frequent removal of weeds from the pool, grass residues in the pond, corruption, etc. Keep the pond clean. Timely water injection to improve water quality. More than 300kg per mu pond. For every 6 mu of pond in summer, there is a 3 kW aerator. Regularly check the growth of fish, do a good job of flood prevention, prevention and control of diseases and other work. In August, a lime water is splashed every 20 days or so in Quanchipang, so that the pool water concentration is 50 ppm, which can effectively prevent the rot disease.