The practical technology of tussah stocking
First, the management of the silkworm field
(1) The replanting of the tussah silkworm farm tends to feed the tussah silkworm farms in all parts of Liaoning. At present, the phenomenon of missing pods of eucalyptus trees is quite common, and eucalyptus should be insisted on in order to increase the utilization of tussah field resources and the amount of pupa production per unit silkworm farm year by year, while improving The ecological environment of the tussah silkworm field. Some cultivated lands and barren slopes, where suitable for planting eucalyptus, will be planted with new plantation forests.
1. During the replanting period, it is usually better to use late-spring or early-spring for replanting eucalyptus, and spring for better refrigerated areas.
2. Replanting or planting method acorn live. First site preparation, then dig acupuncture points, 10 to 15 cm deep, 20 to 30 cm in diameter, 7 to 10 seeds per hole, and 5 to 6 cm. The actual amount of oak, every hundred points, the Mongolian oak acorn really need 2 kilograms, 3 kilograms of acorns, and 1.5 kilograms. The method of replanting eucalyptus by direct seeding method has the advantages of low cost, high survival rate of seedlings, simple method, fast replanting speed, and at the same time, can save land for raising seedlings.
Nursery transplanting. The alternative is made into a bed type or a cocoon type seedbed, with 40 and 20 centimeters of row spacing respectively, with about 40 pieces of fine acorns and about 3 to 6 centimeters of soil covering every bed length. Weeding and ripping 3 to 4 times a year, fertilizing in spring and summer. Seedling density, 2 years of seedlings, bed type 300,000 to 370,000 per hectare, 52.6 to 67,000 pods. 2 years seedlings out of the nursery, easy to raise seedlings, with the start with the transplant, the survival rate of transplanting is higher. In addition, wild eucalyptus can be used to replant silkworms.
After the silkworm field has been planted with eucalyptus, it needs to be reared in time. This is a key measure to ensure the robust growth of seedlings. One of the most important tasks is to remove weeds once or twice a year. In addition, the seedlings can be grown for 3 to 4 years, when the seedlings are about 0.5 meters high, the seedlings are updated. It is also necessary to prevent livestock from eating, eating, and pests.
(II) Soil and Water Conservation and Fertilizer Management in the Silkworm Field
1. Soil and water conservation measures should be based on the vegetation, topography, soil quality, and climatic conditions in different parts of the country, mainly based on biological measures, supplemented by engineering measures, and carried out according to local conditions.
The biological measures are mainly to protect and plant grass and shrub plants, protect the silkworm vegetation and prevent degradation. In the poorly-vegetated silkworm field, the drought- and drought-tolerant species such as Lespedegrass, Mulan and Amorpha fruticosa should be planted, and plants with good soil and water conservation effects should be planted. The role of solid soil.
The engineering measures mainly include repair workshops, gates, digging horizontal ditch, fish scale pits, and building terraces. Should be flexible choice.
2. In the early spring or late autumn, the fertilizer management method can be used to cultivate the eucalyptus plantation pressure plate on the gentle slope silkworm field to a diameter of about 1 meter, and to increase the thickness of the soil layer of the eucalyptus rhizosphere, accumulate rainwater, and accumulate silkworms. Manure and litterfall increase soil fertility; planting leguminous green manures such as Lespedeza, Amorpha fruticosa and Sophora flavescens in the silkworm field is an effective measure to improve soil fertility in the silkworm field; artificial fertilization measures can also be adopted where conditions permit. . Spring, summer and autumn can be fertilized. Generally, the suitable amount of fertilizing eucalyptus per ridge is 0.03 to 0.30 kg, 0.1 to 1 kg of superphosphate, or 5 to 10 kg of compost.
(c) Rotation trimming of eucalyptus trees on a silkworm field
1. Rotary renewal In the long-term production practice, a regular rotation system has been established throughout the country. In the silkworm area of ​​Liaoning Province, the medium dry stem pods are generally rotted in 3 years, with dry and dry Mongolian buckwheat, Quercus liaotungensis, and barnyard grass, with 4-6 years of rotation.
Rotation was carried out during the dormancy period of late autumn to early spring. The method is to remove the new shoots after the previous round of cutting and regenerate the new shoots under the premise of maintaining the tree type. Felling incisions should be horse-shaped with a smooth section and complete pericarp.
2. Trimming When the eucalyptus is dormant, the tip is cut off from the middle of the shoot, and a flat-top canopy is made to promote the lush branches and leaves of the eucalyptus. The thin branches and overlapped branches can be cut and the nutrients can be concentrated in the selected branches. Enhance tree vigor; before the occurrence of summer buds, cut the spring a little, it can promote the emergence of soft foliage, timely feed for the autumn ants, improve the preservation rate.
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