Ramie high density and high yield cultivation techniques
(a) The selection of high-yielding species The current high-density species suitable for high-density cultivation include Jinci No. 2, No. 2 and No. 4 of Zhejing. These varieties are not only adaptable, have high yields and stable yields, but also have high oil yields and increase production. Great potential for high-density cultivation.
(B) make a good seed treatment Seed processing, including seed selection, drying and seed dressing three links.
1. Select species. In order to increase the purity and germination rate of seeds, a seed selection should be carried out before sowing, and seeds with large grain size, uniform grain color, fullness, no damage and impurities should be selected to pick out variegated grains, small grains, grains and impurities.
2. Sowing seeds. Selecting sunny weather before sowing seeds to dry for 2 to 3 days can increase seed vigor, increase germination potential, and make seedlings grow robustly.
3. Seed dressing. Use 50% carbendazim for seed dressing at 0.4% of the seed amount to prevent castor bean wilt disease.
(3) Fine soil preparation, application of base fertilizer to be used for cultivation of ramie, should be deep ploughed in the fall of the previous year, and the depth should be above 25cm to achieve the purpose of controlling weeds and pests and diseases. If soil moisture is less than 18% to 24% during site preparation, watering must be performed in time. After watering, when the surface is whitened, fertilize the soil, apply 30 cubic meters of organic fertilizer, 300 kg of urea, 225 kg of diammonium, 75 kg of potassium sulfate per hectare, and plough the fertilizer evenly into the tillage layer.
(D) Mechanical film on-demand seeding using a small film on-demand machine, film using 80cm0.008mm micro-film. Cover film to be straight, flat, solid, tight, strict, both sides of the film around the cover about 5cm, every 2 ~ 4m in the middle of the film to add a pile of soil to prevent the wind blowing the film. Two rows of ramie were sowed on a film, with a row width of 55cm+35cm and a row width of 27-28cm. Adjust the size of the inoculum, sow 1 to 2 seeds per hole, cover the soil after sowing, and prevent runaway air leaks.
(five) field management
1. Check seedlings, make up seedlings, and set seedlings. Miaoquan uniform is the basis of "one excellent and two high". After seeding, the seedlings will die and the seedlings will be cut off because of the adverse climate conditions such as seed quality, lack of water, improper fertilization in the field, damage from diseases and insect pests, and low temperatures in the rain. Therefore, about 15 days after sowing, it is necessary to check seedlings, make up seedlings, and eliminate compaction. When the seedlings grow to 2 to 3 true leaves, they will be seedlings, 1 per hole, and no seedlings will be left.
2. Weeding and weeding. When the seedlings grow to about 4 to 5 leaves, they are manually removed and cultivated and weeded. Combine cultivating and weeding soil 2 or 3 times to loosen the soil, eliminate weeds in the field, and prevent lodging.
3. Chemical regulation and pruning. When ramie grows to 5 to 6 true leaves, chemical control of 150 g of salicylamine per hectare will be used to shorten the internodes and reduce the plant height to prevent lodging. High-density cultivation leaves only one main stem and ear, leaving no branches. When the other branches expose the leaves, the buds are promptly removed and the lower invalid leaves are removed. The whole branches are 2-3 times. The pruning should be thorough and no buds should be left. Later, if the invalid foliage is long, it is a waste of nutrition, affecting the main spike filling, drum grain. The ramie plant height was controlled at 120-130 cm by cutting and the ear position was controlled at 50-70 cm. The number of leaves is kept at 11 to 13 pieces, too many leaves, poor ventilation and light transmission, too little, affecting photosynthesis.
4. Top dressing irrigation. During the bud to flowering stage of the main stem, combined with 150 to 225 kg of urea per hectare and 75 kg of diammonium phosphate. The ear of the main stem will bloom, depending on soil moisture topping water, head water after every 15 to 20 days as appropriate watering. Ramie is prone to infection with blight for a long time, and it must be drained and flooded in time after each watering.
5. Pest control. The diseases that damage ramie mainly include wilt disease, blight, leaf blight, and bacterial spot disease. Control methods: Remove the leftover leaves of the field and burn the diseased foliage. After the autumn harvest, deep-turning, rotation or 50% carbendazim seed dressing or foliar spray. Pests harmful to ramie include: ground tiger, grasshopper, cotton bollworm, cabbage caterpillar and so on. Control methods: Crop rotation, deep turning, cultivating loose soil, eradicating weeds in the field and on the ground. In the budding period of the main stem, spray insect repellent 1 time, and then spray once every 7 to 10 days.
6. Harvest. When 80% of the main spikes appear dark brown and there are obvious cracks in the recessed part of the pod, they can be harvested and dried to thresh.
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