Techniques for Controlling Bacterial Brown Spots in Rice
Rice bacterial brown spot
Bacterial brown spot of rice mainly occurs in the northeastern rice area in China, but also happened in the south and Zhejiang. In other countries, Hungary is the first country to have discovered this disease and has reported it. This is a disease that is biased towards the northern rice area.
[Symptoms] (Plate 8) Bacterial brown spot occurs on the leaves, leaf sheaths, stems, ears and branchlets of rice and upland rice, and the lesions are brown. The lesions on the leaves were initially russet and had small spots of water-soaked shape. They gradually expanded into oblong or irregular stripe spots. The lesions were brown with yellow halo around them. The central tissue of the lesions later became necrotic and grayish brown. And often fused together to form a large stripe. Lesions can occur in any part of the foliage, appear slightly water-stained, and often connect flat synthetically irregular large spots. Lesions on leaf sheaths mostly occurred on the leaf sheaths of the panicles, beginning with auburn and short-spotted, water-soaked spots. Most of the fusions showed irregular large spots. The central tissue of the lesions later became necrotic and grayish brown. The panicle generally occurs on the chaff shortly after heading. The lesions are nearly round and are small brown spots. When the flag leaf sheath is seriously affected before heading, the panicles cannot be normally extracted, which has a great impact on the yield.
[Pathogen] (Plate 8) Pseudomonas oryzicola Klement
The rod-shaped bacteria with blunt ends, sometimes bent, most single or double-stranded, do not form spores and decidua, Gram-negative negative reaction, there are 1 to 3 polar flagella.
[Pathogenesis] Pathogens can overwinter on damaged rice, upland rice and host tissues and seeds of weeds. Sick seeds can cause seedling disease after sowing in the second year, and the diseased tissue can become the source of infection in the second year after winter.
The host range of bacterial brown spot disease is very broad. Apart from damaging rice and upland rice, it can still infect wheat, millet, sorghum and barren wild rice, leech grass, rice bran, green foxtail, Northeastern goosegrass, etc. A variety of weeds. In the Northeast, the growth period of these weeds is earlier than that of rice and land rice. Under natural conditions, this disease begins to occur on weeds in mid-April, and after the emergence of rice and land rice in mid-and late May, The incidence of weeds around rice fields has been considerable, and pathogenic bacteria have been abundantly present. Therefore, these weeds are also the main source of transmission diseases. Pathogenic bacteria can survive in paddy fields for about 20-30 days. If pathogenic bacteria exist in paddy field irrigation water, it can also make rice sick. Therefore, paddy field water is also one of the main vectors for disease transmission.
Brown spot disease began in the rice seedling stage in late-May in the northeastern rice region, and took place on the leaves in mid-July. In early August, the disease condition in the leaves gradually decreased. Before and after heading, it was the ear and flag leaf sheath.
[Control] Different varieties of bacterial brown spot disease resistance differences, so the selection of local disease-resistant varieties is an effective way to prevent and treat this disease. The germs are mainly derived from weeds in the rice fields, so weeds are eliminated and the source of pathogens is reduced, which can reduce the incidence. In addition, we must pay attention to the cleanliness of the field and prevent the flow of sick fields into disease-free fields.
According to the report from Northeast China, prevention and control of bacterial brown spots using dragon fungus (thiaca copper) control effect is very good. How to use: 100 grams of 20% lobster SC mixed with water 50 kg (mist watered 10 kg), spraying once at the beginning of the disease; after 7-10 days visual illness development and weather conditions, as appropriate, then spray 1 time.
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