Grape cultivation technology
Grape without frame cultivation is through artificial measures, so that creeping grapes like apple trees upright growth, with the advantages of saving labor, saving money, high efficiency, can increase production by 10% to 20%, save 50% of summer management labor, but also resistant 8 to 10 gale.
First, select varieties. We should use fine varieties with short internodes, stiff branches, strong erectness, and weak growth in the shoots, such as white feathers, ramets, red roses, and Covitinka.
Second, rational dense planting. Should adopt high-density planting, the general row spacing can be 2 to 2.51 meters, 267 to 333 per 667 square meters. Planting should be carried out in winter and spring. Before planting, base fertilizer should be applied and water should be poured.
Third, scientific plastic surgery. 1 Insert a "twig column" with a diameter of 2 cm or more and a height of 1.2 to 1.5 meters next to the seedlings to allow the new shoots of grapes to grow along the pillars. When the new shoot grows to a height of 60 cm, it will be picked up to grow the main trunk. In winter, the auxiliary shoot will be cut off. If there are vines in the base, leave a vine bar between the left and right lines, unearthed at a distance of 40 cm from the main vine, and tie it 50 to 70 centimeters high in the trunk to prevent lodging between the lines and erase all the rest. 2 After the main branch has germinated in the second year, three new shoots are left, and the upper side is tied with the left and right adjacent plants to prevent lodging between the strains, and the temporary result sites are also cultivated. The top shoot continues to grow vertically. It grows to a height of 60 cm and is tied to a small pillar. 3 In the third year, the upper permanent result site is cultivated in the second year. 4 In the fourth year, the result group was cultured in the upper result site and the lower result site was cut off according to the situation.
Fourth, training results branches. In the horizontal main vines, leave a mother branch at a distance of 20 centimeters and leave two new shoots per mother branch. Allow the results on the new shoots. The temporary result site is 60 centimeters from the ground, and the permanent result site is 120 centimeters from the ground. The new shoots and fruit spikes are Its natural drooping is used as a substitute for summer pruning and topping. Its leaf area is increased, photosynthesis is enhanced, and nutrient accumulation is increased, which is conducive to flower bud differentiation to increase yield. After the fourth and fifth years, when stems are 4 to 5 centimeters thick, small pillars can be removed and they can be naturally racked.
Fifth, fertilizer and water management. Strengthen the comprehensive management based on fertilizer and water to ensure the strong seedlings in the first year and the fruit in the second year. The fruit production in the 667 square meters in three years will exceed 700 kilograms. 1 Shi basal fertilizer. Basal fertilizer is applied before planting by digging width and depth of 60 cm in the central distribution area of ​​50 to 80 cm away from the tree trunk, and applying 5,000 kg of decomposed swine manure or cow dung per 667 square meters, and 100 to 100 mg of phosphate fertilizer. 150 kg. During the fertilization, pay attention to the exchange of raw and cooked soil, fill the raw soil into the bottom of the trench and mix the organic fertilizer. 2 applied topdressing. After the grape has sprouted, the amount of shallow roots in the root system will not absorb the bottom fertilizer of the planting channel. In order to promote seedling growth, nitrogen fertilizer should be topdressed immediately after germination. The method is to apply the ditch, first dilute and thick, first less, more, a small number of times. The fertilization ditch must have a certain distance from the root system, and at the same time, it must be combined with fertilizer and water. In the second half of the year, after the seedlings reach a certain amount of growth, the frequency of topdressing can be changed from the original 15 to 20 days once to 20 to 30 days. The amount of topdressing fertilizer is appropriately increased, and fertilizers are added to phosphorus and potash fertilizers. 3 leaf fertilizer. Timely application of foliar fertilizer, or adding appropriate amount of urea, potassium dihydrogen phosphate, photosynthetic fertilizer, etc., at the time of spraying, can not only promote the growth of plants, but also ensure the robustness of the tree, and can play a certain role in promoting flower bud differentiation. effect. 4 Reasonable watering and timely drainage. If grape seedlings do not cover the plastic film after planting, they should pay attention to watering regularly. If there is no rain after fertilization, they should be watered in time. Rainy season, too much rain, we must pay attention to timely drainage, high temperature and drought in late summer and autumn, we must pay attention to timely watering.
Six, disease prevention and pest control. The key measures for prevention and control of grape disease and pests are as follows: 1 Winter Garden: After the winter, the diseased leaves, branches, and ears of the grapes are thoroughly cleaned. Before germination, 3 to 5 degrees lime sulfur plus 200 times sodium pentachlorophenol are used to prevent disease. 2 the right medicine: should be based on a variety of pests and diseases in the grape branches, leaves, fruit on the damage symptoms, to see what the disease or insect pests, symptomatic medication, can avoid the blindness of prevention and control work; 3 early prevention and treatment. Forecasting and forecasting the occurrence regularity of various pests and diseases, spraying pesticides in the most sensitive period of the pests and diseases (the initial infection period of grape diseases is the best prevention and treatment period after the rain); 4 grape growth suitable for the early stage High-efficiency and low-toxicity pesticides can be used for prevention and control of the disease. In the middle and late stages, new drugs with high efficacy and low toxicity and strong lethality should be used for prevention and control, sprayed with fungicides after the rain, and sunny days spray protection agent.
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