Comprehensive fish culture technology
2018-06-06 11:01:23
First, the fishery point in September-October spring for the use of grass for sowing; from November to next February, adult fish listed, biogas tanks and livestock, poultry house construction; 2_ month month stocking species; April to May In summer, fishermen sow with grass; from April to October, fish pond management.
Second, technology and operation
(1) "Sangji Fish Pond" in Linghu District, Huzhou City, Sangji Fish Pond It is the oldest comprehensive fish farming model in China. The characteristics of Sangji Fish Pond are: fish in the pond, mulberry sericulture around ponds, and the mud will be transported to the surrounding ponds as a mulberry fertilizer through summer and autumn "fire mud" and winter ponds. The mulberry has maintained good fertility for a long time, promoted the production of mulberry leaves and silkworm cocoons, and at the same time kept the fish ponds in good condition for a long period of time. The silkworm cocoons and silkworm cocoons can be used as feed and fertilizer for fish farming, saving them money. The cost of fish production has led to the establishment of a benign ecological structure that promotes mutual promotion between the fish farming industry and the sericulture industry. The fish pond is a key production link in the ecosystem. Each mu of mulberry garden in Sangji fishpond can produce 1000-1500 kg of mulberry leaves, 4-5 times of silkworm rearing each year, and 80-120 kg of communist rice flour, producing 64-96 kg of silkworm cocoon and 300-450 kg of silkworm cocoon, every 2 Kilograms of cocoon or every 8 kilograms of silkworm can raise 1 kilogram of fresh fish. Therefore, the by-product of each mulberry can be converted into 70-105 kilograms of fish. The ratio of mulberry land and fish ponds in general Sangji ponds is 1:1.
(b) Grass-based fish ponds Pond ponds and miscellaneous lands are used to grow fish. Foraging grass-breeding grassy fishes is a comprehensive fish-raising measure that fully taps the potential for land production and reduces production costs. In general, high-yielding fish ponds have an annual sediment deposition rate of 10-20 cm/mu, ie 130-260 tons, and 1 kg of green fodder is produced for every 25 kg of pond sludge. If half a pond sludge is used for planting fish for grass per mu of fish ponds, 2600-5200 kilograms of green feed were harvested and converted to 100-200 kilograms of fish production. The main herbivorous fishes, with 0, 2-0, 3 mu of forage grass per mu of fish pond, can basically meet their needs for green feed.
Fish forage has been widely used in the production of grass as follows:
1. Perennial ryegrass: sowing every year from September to November, with a seeding amount of 1,5-2 kg per acre, producing a grassy period from February to May in a leap year, harvesting once every 15-20 days, and harvesting about 8 times during the whole growth period , Fresh produce 5000-10000 kg per mu.
2. Sudan grass: sowing every year in early April, with a seeding amount of 1,5 kg per acre, producing grass in June-August, and the best quality of fresh grass harvested when the plants grow to 70-100 centimeters, producing fresh grass per mu. Up to 10,000 kg.
3. Asexual hybrid Pennisetum: This is a high-quality, high-yield fish used for grass, using its roots, stems, after the wintering insulation by the pit, with the following mid-April, breeding seedlings and transplanting, grass production period 6 - In October, 15000-20000 kg of fresh grass was produced per mu.
(C) Bamboo-based fish ponds The use of pond bamboo bamboo shoots produce bamboo shoots, not only pond mud bamboo, solid bamboo bamboo shoots, bamboo shoots per mu can produce 2,000 kilograms of bamboo shoots during the harvest period, the efficiency is very obvious.
(d) Fruit-based fish ponds The use of ponds and vines to plant grapes, citrus, sorghum, strawberries, and other trees or herbal fruits is not only feasible, but it has also proven to be an effective and effective measure.
(5) Biogas slurry fish farming The combination of fish and poultry has been widely used in production. However, livestock and poultry excreta are directly used for fish farming without treatment, which inevitably causes adverse effects on the ecological environment. The livestock manure is fermented through a biogas digester, and the biogas produced can be used as a living energy source. Since the fermented wastes, that is, the biogas slurry and the biogas residue, are rich in nutrients, they have a very good effect on fish farming. : Using biogas slurry instead of unfermented livestock manure to grow pupa and puffer fish, the growth rate was increased by 18, 8% and 29, 8% respectively compared with the control group. For fish ponds with a per mu yield of 500-600 kg, 10 pigs per 10 mu of fish ponds can be rearranged, and then 10 cubic meters of small biogas digesters can be allocated. Each year, about 20 tons of biogas slurry and biogas residue can be produced for 10 acres of fish ponds. The use of fish in the year, in addition can also produce 2000-3000 cubic meters of biogas each year, 6-10 people can live the energy needed for the year.
Second, technology and operation
(1) "Sangji Fish Pond" in Linghu District, Huzhou City, Sangji Fish Pond It is the oldest comprehensive fish farming model in China. The characteristics of Sangji Fish Pond are: fish in the pond, mulberry sericulture around ponds, and the mud will be transported to the surrounding ponds as a mulberry fertilizer through summer and autumn "fire mud" and winter ponds. The mulberry has maintained good fertility for a long time, promoted the production of mulberry leaves and silkworm cocoons, and at the same time kept the fish ponds in good condition for a long period of time. The silkworm cocoons and silkworm cocoons can be used as feed and fertilizer for fish farming, saving them money. The cost of fish production has led to the establishment of a benign ecological structure that promotes mutual promotion between the fish farming industry and the sericulture industry. The fish pond is a key production link in the ecosystem. Each mu of mulberry garden in Sangji fishpond can produce 1000-1500 kg of mulberry leaves, 4-5 times of silkworm rearing each year, and 80-120 kg of communist rice flour, producing 64-96 kg of silkworm cocoon and 300-450 kg of silkworm cocoon, every 2 Kilograms of cocoon or every 8 kilograms of silkworm can raise 1 kilogram of fresh fish. Therefore, the by-product of each mulberry can be converted into 70-105 kilograms of fish. The ratio of mulberry land and fish ponds in general Sangji ponds is 1:1.
(b) Grass-based fish ponds Pond ponds and miscellaneous lands are used to grow fish. Foraging grass-breeding grassy fishes is a comprehensive fish-raising measure that fully taps the potential for land production and reduces production costs. In general, high-yielding fish ponds have an annual sediment deposition rate of 10-20 cm/mu, ie 130-260 tons, and 1 kg of green fodder is produced for every 25 kg of pond sludge. If half a pond sludge is used for planting fish for grass per mu of fish ponds, 2600-5200 kilograms of green feed were harvested and converted to 100-200 kilograms of fish production. The main herbivorous fishes, with 0, 2-0, 3 mu of forage grass per mu of fish pond, can basically meet their needs for green feed.
Fish forage has been widely used in the production of grass as follows:
1. Perennial ryegrass: sowing every year from September to November, with a seeding amount of 1,5-2 kg per acre, producing a grassy period from February to May in a leap year, harvesting once every 15-20 days, and harvesting about 8 times during the whole growth period , Fresh produce 5000-10000 kg per mu.
2. Sudan grass: sowing every year in early April, with a seeding amount of 1,5 kg per acre, producing grass in June-August, and the best quality of fresh grass harvested when the plants grow to 70-100 centimeters, producing fresh grass per mu. Up to 10,000 kg.
3. Asexual hybrid Pennisetum: This is a high-quality, high-yield fish used for grass, using its roots, stems, after the wintering insulation by the pit, with the following mid-April, breeding seedlings and transplanting, grass production period 6 - In October, 15000-20000 kg of fresh grass was produced per mu.
(C) Bamboo-based fish ponds The use of pond bamboo bamboo shoots produce bamboo shoots, not only pond mud bamboo, solid bamboo bamboo shoots, bamboo shoots per mu can produce 2,000 kilograms of bamboo shoots during the harvest period, the efficiency is very obvious.
(d) Fruit-based fish ponds The use of ponds and vines to plant grapes, citrus, sorghum, strawberries, and other trees or herbal fruits is not only feasible, but it has also proven to be an effective and effective measure.
(5) Biogas slurry fish farming The combination of fish and poultry has been widely used in production. However, livestock and poultry excreta are directly used for fish farming without treatment, which inevitably causes adverse effects on the ecological environment. The livestock manure is fermented through a biogas digester, and the biogas produced can be used as a living energy source. Since the fermented wastes, that is, the biogas slurry and the biogas residue, are rich in nutrients, they have a very good effect on fish farming. : Using biogas slurry instead of unfermented livestock manure to grow pupa and puffer fish, the growth rate was increased by 18, 8% and 29, 8% respectively compared with the control group. For fish ponds with a per mu yield of 500-600 kg, 10 pigs per 10 mu of fish ponds can be rearranged, and then 10 cubic meters of small biogas digesters can be allocated. Each year, about 20 tons of biogas slurry and biogas residue can be produced for 10 acres of fish ponds. The use of fish in the year, in addition can also produce 2000-3000 cubic meters of biogas each year, 6-10 people can live the energy needed for the year.