Causes of Sows Reproduction Obstacles and Control Measures

Core Tip: Sow reproductive problems are often encountered in production, and are also the main diseases of sows. Their clinical symptoms mainly include infertility, abortion, early embryonic death, stillbirth, mummy, malformation, weak and young Wait.

The etiology is divided into congenital, functional, nutritional, mechanical, and disease-related diseases, of which infectious diseases are the most dangerous, and often have a large area of ​​endemic and epidemic infections, resulting in a large number of pregnant sows miscarriage, stillbirth and newborn The death of piglets has caused huge economic losses to large-scale pig farms.

First, the congenital cause

Mainly manifested as genital malformations impede the normal operation of sperm and eggs, hinder the combination of sperm and eggs. Common genital malformations include mesentery and fallopian tube mesentery cysts, fallopian tube obstruction, lack of uterine horns, cervical atresia, double uterus, double uterus, and double vagina. These are difficult to treat and can only be performed during breeding. Eliminated to eliminate malformed genes.

Second, the functional reasons

1. Ovarian hypoplasia: the pig's normal ovary weight is about 5 grams, hypoplasia below 3 grams, due to pituitary dysfunction, ovarian sensitivity to gonadal hormones.

2. Ovarian cysts: Irregular estrus, half of the young sows.

Countermeasures: Intramuscular injection of luteinizing hormone 200 ~ 500 micrograms / time, injection 1 ~ 4 times. The interval between treatment and estrus is 22 days, the estrus rate is generally 77.4%, and the conception rate can reach 70.2%.

3. Persistent corpus luteum: Long-term estrus in sows, prostaglandins can be used to subsided the corpus luteum, combined with the use of gonadal hormones better.

Countermeasures: First use prostaglandin 3 ~ 5 mg intramuscular injection, after 3 to 5 days, when the genitals are swollen, then inject 1000 units of gonadal hormone, most of them in the 3 to 4 days heat, and breeding can be fetus.

4. Follicular developmental disorders; including dysfunction of follicles, atrophy, and sclerosis, and 69% of estrus sows are caused by follicular developmental disorders.

Countermeasures: Usability gland hormone 200 to 1000 units intramuscular injection or use chorionic gonadotropin 500 to 1000 units every 1 to 2 days to do once.

Third, nutritional reasons

1. Energy and protein: High-energy feeds make sows fatter, especially in the absence of exercise, resulting in obese infertility.

If the energy and protein supply is insufficient and the sow is lean, then the estrus will be postponed or not estrus. The follicles will stop developing. They will ovulate quietly or form follicular cysts. They will feed the sows a day before breeding and the digestive energy will be 12 MJ/kg. Higher embryo survival rates can be obtained.

2. Vitamins: VA, VB, VD, VE are essential vitamins for sows to maintain normal reproductive function. Severe deficiency will affect the normal development of the conception and fetus.

VA: The lack of sows makes it difficult for sows to suffer from conception, mid-stream miscarriage, weak birth, blindness, stillbirth, and deformity.

VB1: In the case of deficiency, the sow is often infertile with sexual dysfunction, abnormal estrus, and weak fertility. In the absence of VB2, the lactation of the sow is reduced, and the piglets produced tend to form rugs. Sister estrus delays in the absence of VB6.

In the absence of VB12, the sow’s lactation decreased, and her litter size was low, predisposing to pernicious anemia.

VD: When there is a shortage, the sow's milk yield is reduced, the conception rate is reduced, and the child is susceptible to postpartum cramps. It shows miscarriage, stillbirth, and uterus release. The piglets are susceptible to rickets.

VE: In the absence of keratinizing the epithelium of the genital tract, the sows are not susceptible to fetuses and are susceptible to miscarriage. The boar disrupts the process of sperm formation. In severe cases, there is no sperm in the semen.

According to data reports, adding VA, VD, and VE to sow diets has good effects on improving reproduction rates, which can significantly shorten the time from weaning to estrus and increase the rate of conception.

Fourth, mechanical reasons

The main reason is that the sow suffered fetal death due to trauma.

V. Disease causes

1. Parvovirus: The main characteristic depends on the stage at which the virus is infected. After the infection, the sow may re-epit, or neither heat nor litter, or only a few litters, or produce mummified fetuses. The only symptom is the death of the fetus during the second or third trimester, the fetal water is absorbed, and the sow's abdominal circumference is reduced. Other manifestations are infertility, miscarriage, stillbirth, death of newborn piglets, and fertility. After 70 days, the infection is normal and the piglets are poisonous.

2. Atypical swine fever: The immune system of pigs is reduced. Sows infected with swine fever virus often cause reproductive problems. 10 days of pregnancy infection, embryo death and absorption, sows have fewer calving heads or return. 10 to 50 days of pregnancy infection, more stillbirth. A week before the infection does not affect piglet survival, but it affects development. The gilts were immunized with swine fever vaccine two weeks or one month before the start of sow breeding. Two doses of gilts could prevent the occurrence of atypical swine fever.

3. Japanese encephalitis: In addition to young sows, other pigs are mostly subclinical after infection. The blood antibodies of the producing sows are high and the others are asymptomatic. The incidence of stillbirths and mummies in young sows is as high as 40%, and the mortality rate of neonatal piglets is 42%.

4. Leptospirosis disease: The disease can cause fetal death, miscarriage and reduce piglet survival. The incubation period of the disease is 1 to 2 weeks. In the first month of pregnancy, the fetus is generally not affected. The second month of infection causes fetal death and reabsorption, mummification, or miscarriage. The third month of infection caused a miscarriage and delayed late birth.

5. Parotid Chlamydia disease: endemic. The excreta and secretions of infected pigs or potentially infected pigs can be infected with the virus and can harm pigs of various ages. However, they are most sensitive to pregnant sows. Pathogens can penetrate the placenta barrier and cause fetal death. The incidence of first-born sows is 40% to 90%, and the basic sows are often innocent. Onset sows have difficulty breathing, have high body temperature, have purple skin, do not eat or eat less.

6. Uterine infections: Tubal and uterine examinations of sows found to be 40% to 45% carriers, the most common being E. coli and S. leucae. Uterus is brought in by boars (skin fluid, semen itself), or it may come from the vagina. Uterine carriers are the most harmful to newly-divided sows. In short, both infectious and non-communicable diseases can cause embryonic death or miscarriage if the sow’s body temperature rises.

7. Breeding: Breathing Disorder Syndrome (also known as blue ear disease): Sows show weight loss, anorexia, a slight increase in body temperature, ears, abdomen, breasts blue, miscarriage, premature birth, stillbirth and weak. At the onset of the onset of illness, it is often characterized by weak adolescence. A long time later, mummy and stillbirths appear. Sows have no milk after delivery, and the highest piglet mortality rate can reach 100%. A small number of pigs showed a blue tip of the ear tip, tip of the nose, extremities, tail tip, nipple, and perineum. This phenomenon was transient.

8. Eperythrozoonosis in pigs: high fever, yellowing, anemia, and acute death of piglets. Mastitis, food, and high fever occur in late gestation and postpartum sows, and some sows have miscarriages or stillbirths.

9. Toxoplasmosis: Abortions, stillbirths, and mummified fetuses occur in sows suffering from toxoplasmosis.

10. Brucellosis in swine: The first mother sows are mainly aborted. Abortion often occurs within 1 to 3 months of pregnancy. The first 2 to 3 weeks are the most common, and abortion occurs near the time of childbirth. Swine fetuses can be eaten during early abortion and are not easy to find.

Countermeasures: As long as you make appropriate precautions, you can avoid it.

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