Comprehensive Prevention and Control Techniques of Vegetables Diseases and Pests in Autumn and Winter

There are many kinds of vegetables in autumn and winter, such as cabbage, radish, cabbage, red cabbage, lettuce, mustard, broccoli and so on. The pests that endanger the above vegetables are mainly downy mildew, soft rot, viral disease, rapeseed meal, cabbage caterpillar, and leafhopper. Vegetable diseases and insect pests generally reduce production by 10% to 20%, and severely reduce production by 50% or even eliminate it. Therefore, we must take the following comprehensive measures to prevent and treat it.

First, eliminate the source of bacteria. All pathogenic sources of wintering (summer) on diseased plant residues, such as downy mildew and soft rot, should be cleared and burned as early as possible on diseased leaves; bacterial sources that overwinter in insects, such as viral diseases, should be used for drug transmission. Insects should be controlled as soon as possible; in the winter, the source of winter sickness, such as sclerotinia, etc., can be used to disinfect the soil with lime sulfur or 70% of the enemy; for disease caused by seeds, use 80% zeocin, or 75% before sowing. Chlorothalonil and 50% thiram were seed-sterilized with 0.4% of the seed amount or 10% saline to kill the pathogen attached to the seed surface.

Second, pest control and disease prevention. The aphids that endanger the autumn vegetables, regardless of whether they are sucked into the sap of the plant leaves, cause the leaves to curl up, stagnate, or even wither. When the population density is high, viral diseases often occur severely. Pieris rapae, leafhoppers, yellow stripe fleas feeding on leaves, often eat holes and nicks, and even eat well, leaving the petioles and veins, but also spread soft rot. Early prevention and control can reduce direct hazards and reduce disease infestation. Control locusts, after emergence to 6 leaf stage, spray once every 5 to 7 days, can use 1500 times liquid dimethoate, or 1500 times liquid fog, or anti-influx 1000 times liquid, spraying each time per acre Liquid 50 kg; if the cabbage butterfly, diamondback moth, etc. as the main treatment, 100 grams per mu can be used Bt emulsion 100 grams of double insecticide, 50 kg of water spray, can cure pests, but also no pollution.

Third, change the rotation. For pathogenic bacteria that thrive in the soil during the winter and summer, especially in heavy hillocks that have suffered severe disease in the previous year, we must implement crop rotations, or dry lands for 2 to 3 years, and crop rotations.

Fourth, scientific cultivation. The narrow ditch is deep and the ditch is matched to ensure smooth water flow, reduce the humidity in the field, and reduce the incidence. Basal fertilizers are often used to decompose farmyard fertilisers. They do not need to use diseased stubble plants to defeat the leaves, and must be fully fermented when necessary. Timely sowing, to avoid the peak of development. Timely seedlings in order to enhance seedlings and enhance resistance to disease (worms). Before the Chinese cabbage can be packaged, only composted manure and livestock waste can be used as topdressing, and every 5~7 days on sunny days can be used for furrow irrigation in the evening. In the rainy days, the ditch should be drained. Sick field water is strictly prohibited from flowing into disease-free fields.

Fifth, timely medication. Once the disease occurs, it is advisable to use high-efficiency and low-toxicity pesticides in the mouth, and highly toxic pesticides. For example, downy mildew, 40% metalaxyl 600 times, or 90% calcium aluminum phosphate 400 times, or 58% metalaxyl manganese zinc 500 times, or 25% thiram 300 times, or 75% Chlorothalonil 600 times liquid, 50 kg of diluted solution per acre. To control soft rot, 70% DTM 400 times or 200 mg/kg agricultural streptomycin can be sprayed on the petiole and stem base near the ground, and 1:10 sulphur lime powder can also be sprayed 1 or 2 times. The prevention and treatment of viral diseases is based on the eradication of insecticides such as aphids. Sclerotinia disease can be sprayed with 500 times carbendazim, or Bordeaux mixture, or green lactone 600 times.

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