Application of ultrafine grinding technology in Chinese herbal medicine

2020-10-31 13:17:40

Ultrafine pulverization generally refers to a pulverization technique in which material particles are pulverized to a particle size of 30 Î¼m or less. When the material is in the ultrafine state, its particle size scale is between atoms, molecules and blocks, sometimes referred to as the fourth state of matter. The ultrafine pulverization technique can be generally divided into micron-sized pulverization (1 to 100 Î¼m), submicron pulverization (0.1 to 1 Î¼m), and nano-scale pulverization (0.01 to 0.1 Î¼m, that is, 1 to 100 nm). The ultrafine pulverization technology applied in the development of traditional Chinese medicine resources generally reaches the micron-sized powder to destroy the cell wall structure of the tissue and obtain the desired material characteristics. The surface area and porosity caused by the refinement of the particles and the destruction of the cell wall make the ultrafine powder have unique physical and chemical properties such as good absorption, adsorption, solubility, chemical activity, biological activity and the like. Ultrafine pulverization technology is a revolutionary new technology in the modernization of traditional Chinese medicine. The study found that after the ultrafine pulverization of the traditional Chinese medicine bezoar, its physical and chemical properties and curative effect will be dramatically changed, and it has a strong targeting effect in the treatment of intractable diseases. Ultrafine pulverization not only can improve the bioavailability of traditional Chinese medicine, effectively reduce the side effects of traditional Chinese medicine, enhance clinical efficacy, and is more convenient and economical.
1 Introduction of ultra-micro cell broken wall smashing technology and equipment The ultra-fine pulverization of traditional Chinese medicine mainly refers to micro-crushing of cell-level broken wall. The main medicinal components of traditional Chinese medicine are usually distributed in cells and interstitial cells, mainly in cells. When the cell is broken, its active components in the cell are exposed, the release rate and release amount of the drug are increased, the drug effect can be greatly improved, and the onset speed is fast. After micro-pulverization of the medicinal materials, only a very small number of intact cells were observed under the microscope. Cell wall ultrafine pulverization is a pulverizing operation for the purpose of destroying the cell wall of animal and plant medicinal materials, and is not intended for fineness. As a macroscopic detection method, the fineness cannot accurately express the true condition of the medicinal material powder, but the higher the cell breaking rate, the finer the fineness.
Ultra-fine grinding equipment mainly includes vibration mill, ball mill, vibration mill, jet mill and so on.
1. 1 Ball Mill Conventional ball mill has always been the main processing equipment in the fine grinding process, mainly relying on impact to break. When the particle size of the material is less than 20 Î¼m, the efficiency is low, the energy consumption is large, and the processing time is long. Due to the low production efficiency of the ball mill and the long pulverization time, it is generally not used in the development of traditional Chinese medicine resources. The agitating ball mill is an ultra-fine grinding device with promising and high energy efficiency in the ultrafine pulverizer. It consists mainly of agitator, cylinder, transmission and frame. During operation, the agitator operates at a certain speed to drive the grinding medium to move. The material is pulverized in the grinding medium by friction and a small amount of impact grinding, so that the efficiency is greatly improved when processing materials with a particle diameter of less than 20 Î¼m.
1. 2 Airflow mill, also known as fluid energy mill or jet mill, is the use of compressed air or superheated steam to generate high pressure for the working fluid and the supersonic gas flow through the nozzle as the carrier of the material particles, so that the particles obtain huge kinetic energy. The two moving particles collide with each other or with the fixed plate to achieve the purpose of crushing. Compared with the conventional mechanical ultrafine pulverizer, the jet mill can pulverize the product to a finer size, and the particle size distribution range is narrower, that is, the particle size is more uniform. Moreover, because the gas expands at the nozzle to cool down, the pulverization process is not accompanied by heat, so the pulverization temperature rise is very low, which is particularly important for ultrafine pulverization of low melting point and heat sensitive materials. It is difficult for the jet mill to pulverize the fibrous and tough Chinese herbal medicines, and there is a relatively high-speed airflow during the pulverizing operation, which can take away the volatile components of the drug and cause the loss of the efficacy, so it is not suitable for the ultrafine pulverization of the plant-based Chinese medicinal materials. It is only suitable for the smashing of traditional Chinese medicines with certain brittleness, such as minerals, crustaceans, and animal bones.
1. 3 Vibration grinding is a high-frequency vibration type superfine grinding equipment. At present, Germany and Japan use vibrating mills for superfine pulverization of animal and plant medicines. The high-frequency vibration type ultra-fine pulverization is the use of a spherical or rod-shaped grinding medium for high-frequency vibration to generate impact, friction, shearing and other forces to achieve ultra-fine pulverization of materials. The vibrating mill spring supports the mill body and is vibrated by a spindle with an eccentric mass, which is usually cylindrical or trough shaped. The efficiency of the vibration mill is 10 to 20 times higher than that of the conventional mill. The grinding speed is much faster than that of the conventional ball mill, and the energy consumption is several times lower.
2 Characteristics of Chinese medicine ultra-micro cell broken wall shredding technology
2. 1 Improve the bioabsorption and utilization of the active ingredients of traditional Chinese medicine. Most of the cells in the pulverized granules are intact, and the particles are composed of several, dozens or even more cells. The dissolution of the effective medicinal components in the cells needs to pass through the cell wall to enter the vehicle and then be absorbed by the body. Since a considerable portion of cellular components cannot pass through the cell wall into the vehicle, the bioavailability of the active ingredient is affected. After the ultrafine pulverization of the Chinese medicine cells, the contents of the broken cells can be directly contacted with the solvent, and the active ingredients can all directly enter the solvent to be absorbed by the body, the release amount of the active ingredient and the release rate, and the body absorbs the drug per unit time. The amount of the active ingredient is higher than that of the traditional Chinese medicine powder obtained by the ordinary pulverization method, and the amount of the medicinal active ingredient released is also more. The onset time of the drug will be significantly shortened, and the intensity of the action on the body will be higher and more comprehensive. After the drug enters the body, it usually passes through the beneficial bacteria in the body. Due to the small particle size of the cell-level broken micropowder, the effect of the beneficial bacteria is rapid and strong, and the amount and concentration of the product produced by the flora will be significantly improved, which also contributes to the absorption of the body.
Because the ultrafine powder particles have surface effects, volume effects, quantum effects and macroscopic tunneling effects, they make them more adsorbable to the material, thus strengthening the adhesion of the cell-based micropowder to the intestinal wall, so that the Chinese medicine particles stay in the intestine. Prolonged time is conducive to the absorption of drugs. After the cell-grade ultrafine pulverization of the drug enters the stomach, the soluble component dissolves under the action of gastric juice, and the dissolved component enters the small intestine and is absorbed. Since the drug is ultrafine particles, its insoluble components are also very easy to adhere to the wall of the small intestine, and the active ingredients adsorbed on the cell wall are quickly absorbed through the intestinal wall and enter the blood, and the time required for these ultrafine particles to be excreted due to the influence of adhesion is higher. Long, increasing the absorption rate of the drug. Moreover, since the time required for the active ingredient to migrate from the inside to the outside of the cell is shortened, the absorption rate is significantly accelerated, and the absorption amount is increased. Taking the cell-level broken-wall ultrafinely pulverized Chinese medicine will make the body absorb more complex ingredients, absorb higher intensity and absorb more, which can significantly improve the bioavailability of traditional Chinese medicine.
2. 2 In the process of cell-level mixing and micro-grinding of compound Chinese medicine, the ingredients can be uniformly mixed by high-strength shearing force to achieve the effect of liquid phase mixing and emulsification. The current production process of compound Chinese medicine is generally It consists of two processes of pulverization and mixing. The two processes can be combined into one process using the ultrafine pulverizer of traditional Chinese medicine. The pulverization fineness is generally up to 300 mesh, the work efficiency is high, and the mixing uniformity is good. The working principle is to use vibration to make the medium vibrate and impact and the medium to rotate, so that the powder gets positive impact and shear force, high speed and high energy for crushing. It is an efficient energy-saving crushing equipment. By adjusting the difference in positive pressure and shear force to adapt to various materials, high viscosity, high precision solidification and solid-liquid mixing of any material can be performed. At the time of pulverization, the pulverization temperature can be controlled by introducing cooling water into the casing of the mill according to requirements. After the compound cells are broken by the ultra-micro cells, the water and oil in the cells migrate out, so that the surface of the micro-particles is semi-wet, and stable particle clusters are formed between the particles. Each particle group contains the same proportion of Chinese medicine ingredients. The physical structure of the particle cluster varies with the hydrophilic-lipophilic balance (HLB) value, ductility, fragmentation, water (oil) rate, specific gravity, and other interactions of the components of the component. The active ingredients of the Chinese medicinal materials are homogenized, so that the various components are uniformly absorbed by the body, thereby enhancing the effect of the drug. The oily and volatile components of the homogenized traditional Chinese medicine can be evenly dispersed shortly after entering the stomach, and uniformly absorbed in the small intestine simultaneously with other water-soluble components. This is significantly different from the absorption rate and absorption amount of the unbroken medicinal material obtained by the conventional pulverization method.
2. 3 Significantly improve the industrial extraction rate of the active ingredients of traditional Chinese medicine In the extraction of traditional Chinese medicine, the dissolution of its active ingredients needs to be infiltrated, swollen, infiltrated and spread. On the one hand, the utilization of the ultrafine pulverization technology reduces the dissolution resistance of the active ingredient, and on the other hand, the finely pulverized material has strong surface adsorption, affinity, dispersibility and solubility, thereby improving the dissolution rate and dissolution rate of the active ingredient. . Experiments have shown that the cell-level ultrafine pulverization technology can significantly improve the extraction rate in the extraction of active ingredients of traditional Chinese medicines, especially for the extraction rate of macromolecular components.
2. 4 Improving the quality, hygienic quality and range of addition of veterinary Chinese medicines When the Chinese medicine is subjected to ultrafine pulverization, the eggs of the same size as the cell scale will be killed, thereby reducing the pollution of the Chinese medicinal materials. Damage; because the ultrafine grinding process is a pure physical process, no other impurities will be mixed, so that the processed Chinese medicine has pure naturalness, ensuring the integrity and safety of the raw material components; due to the ultra-fine treatment, the particle size is fine It improves the taste of the product and can be directly dissolved in the drinking water of animals or used as a feed premix.
3 Conclusion The ultra-fine pulverization technology makes the production of traditional Chinese medicine easy to achieve aseptic, pest-free, small packaging, easy to achieve standardization and mechanization, and promotes the modernization and scientific management of traditional Chinese medicine production. Due to the reduction effect of micro-powder traditional Chinese medicine in use, it can save resources and reduce costs, and provides an effective means for the development of traditional Chinese medicine. Due to the convenient use of micro-powder traditional Chinese medicine, the promotion of Natural medicine has been promoted, and the influence of traditional Chinese medicine has been further expanded. Ultra-fine Chinese medicine has good quality, strong efficacy, high technology content, and high value-added rate, which can bring good social and economic benefits to enterprises.
The application of ultrafine pulverization technology in the development of traditional Chinese medicine resources has brought great impetus to the improvement of traditional techniques, formulas and new products, and provided an effective means for the transformation of existing Chinese medicine pharmaceutical processes. As a new resource processing method, the application of ultrafine pulverization technology in developed countries has been quite extensive. At present, China's theoretical research on ultrafine pulverization technology has been basically the same as that of developed countries, but there is still a big gap in applied research, especially product market development. After China's accession to the WTO, the development of Chinese medicine has become a national policy. The ultra-fine pulverization technology is the internationally advanced pulverization technology. Applying this world-class technology to the traditional Chinese medicine field will improve the level of traditional Chinese medicine preparations and the Chinese medicine into the world. And veterinary Chinese medicine products contribute to the international market.

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