A new generation of theoretical systems, related systems and value-added services for medical diagnosis

Modern medical diagnosis is based on imaging. From the foundation of early radiology to today's digital and molecular level, medical image processing has undergone structural imaging, functional imaging and molecular imaging, forming a complete theoretical system. .

Traditional structural imaging methods (such as CT and MRI) have provided rich information for clinical disease diagnosis and scientific research. They mainly study medical image segmentation, registration, and 3D visualization, including rapid extraction and accurate segmentation of diseased tissues. Non-rigid high-precision registration and fusion of multi-modal images, real-time 3D visualization of massive and high-resolution images. Functional imaging methods (such as functional magnetic resonance imaging fMRI, positron emission tomography PET, single photon emission tomography SPECT) further provide functional information on physiological and pathological metabolic changes, especially providing good research conditions and means for brain function research. . Molecular imaging with the purpose of early detection, early diagnosis, early treatment, and personalized diagnosis and treatment is an emerging hotspot in recent years. Various methods such as optics, nuclide, sound, and magnetic are constantly emerging, from research to research. Clinically, it has developed rapidly.

The new century medical model has changed from a cytopathology-based medical model in the late 19th and early 20th centuries to a molecular medical model based on molecular biology, molecular cytology, molecular pharmacology, and modern computer technology. With the completion of human genome sequencing and the arrival of the post-genome era, the pathogenesis of diseases, the biological characteristics of early diseases, and the early detection and early warning of disease occurrence are analyzed from the interaction between nucleic acid-protein and protein-protein molecules. Diagnostic and therapeutic evaluation provides new methods and means, which has become a top priority for health monitoring and life science research. The development of non-invasive visualization imaging technology has also received more and more attention and attention from the scientific community. Multi-disciplinary intersection, multi-method combination, multi-mode and multi-parameter composite molecular imaging for the same life process from different angles will become effective new methods and new means to explore and explain the mysteries of life processes.

With the development of life science and pathology, how to study the mechanism of disease occurrence and development at the molecular and cellular levels and explore effective methods for diagnosis and treatment of diseases has become a hotspot in medical diagnostic imaging, biology and clinical medicine research. As a new method and means of non-invasive visualization imaging technology, molecular imaging essentially reflects the changes in the level of physiological molecules and the overall function of organisms caused by changes in molecular regulation. Therefore, studying the life activities of genes, biological macromolecules and cells at the molecular level is an important research goal of life sciences in the 21st century. As an emerging frontier integrated interdisciplinary subject, molecular imaging has unresolved key scientific and technical issues in theory, technology and system. Focusing on the key scientific issues in the research of molecular imaging technology, and integrating the knowledge of multidisciplinary integration, the Institute of Automation is constructing a theory of transport theory and inversion algorithms for light in highly scattering complex biological tissues; A unified computing framework and algorithm platform for molecular impact data analysis and processing; construct a system that is a verification evaluation system for bulk molecular tomographic images; establish a system, a fluorescent molecular marker prototype system for fluorescent markers and nuclide labeling, and explore the core The use of labeled molecular imaging in clinical medicine and fluorescently labeled molecular imaging in small animal models.

In the application system, the development of multi-modal multi-spectral in-vivo molecular imaging prototype system with independent intellectual property rights, including autofluorescence tomography (BLT) and induced fluorescence tomography (FMT), can accurately locate the fluorescent light source in vivo. It can accurately detect the fluorescence intensity, and can also perform in-vivo measurement of biological tissue optical properties; focus on solving the problem of fluorescence source reconstruction in non-uniform medium biological tissue; prototype system autofluorescence tomography BLT part, mainly by fluorescence detection module, signal The acquisition and pre-processing modules and computer workstations are composed. The construction of the hardware system mainly includes the design and development of each module and the input/output of signals between modules (including image signals and control signals). FMT part: using fluorescent probe with wavelength in the near-infrared region, through the excitation of infrared laser (including two-photon space localized excitation), to achieve induced fluorescence tomography, using special modulated laser input signal and system identification detection method to obtain Detect the response function of the system, improve the time/space resolution of the system, remove the background interference, and study and establish the corresponding hardware system. The overall system is to develop a prototype system of optical molecular image with good performance and smooth operation, realize the joint adjustment of hardware and software, and form the final equipment.

Molecular imaging as a 21st century medical imaging will have a broad application prospects, and will also promote the development of related disciplines. The key theoretical, technical and systematic problems of in vivo fluorescent labeling molecular imaging and the deeper problems of radionuclide labeling molecular imaging are the main research objectives, forming a scientific research platform in the field of molecular imaging in China, and also on molecular medical imaging equipment. Development and localization have played a positive role in promoting. In the course of research, the key high-tech original inventions and innovative independent intellectual property rights will become an important capital for China to participate in globalization in a larger and deeper level in the field of molecular imaging, and for China to seize the scientific commanding heights in this field. It has important strategic significance.

In terms of value-added services, many countries in the world have regarded medical diagnosis and treatment as an important part of the modern service industry. The prerequisite for realizing value-added services is digitalization and informationization. For example, all medical institutions in the United States have realized information management. By 2004, about 20% of hospitals have completed the electronic medical record system (EMR) transformation; the application of new technologies such as medical imaging system (PACS), laboratory information system (LIS), clinical pathway (CP) has become modern medical treatment. An important guarantee for the improvement of service quality, the establishment of patient-centered clinical information systems such as medical imaging information system (PACS), laboratory information system (LIS) and other clinical information systems as well as telemedicine video consultation systems and image diagnostic centers for medical value-added The service provides a guarantee.

As a new generation of diagnostic imaging, molecular imaging technology will provide effective new methods and new methods for the study of pathogenesis, clinical diagnosis, disease monitoring and efficacy evaluation of tumors and other diseases; it can greatly accelerate the speed of drug development and shorten the pre-clinical The study time can also be applied to the toxic side effects of drugs, the quantitative evaluation of therapeutic effects, the route of administration, the three-dimensional structure, and the effects of drug dosimetry and animal species on drug efficacy; it can promote the research of basic life sciences and create in vivo dynamics. Continuous research on the new era of gene function, cell dynamics, and life development. It will play an extremely important role in promoting the realization of our national goals in the field of population and health.

With the successful application of positron emission tomography PET, magnetic resonance imaging MRI, X-ray tomography CT, molecular imaging technology and other imaging medical imaging methods, modern medicine has developed rapidly. Medical image processing and analysis, which is an important auxiliary means for a new generation of medical diagnosis, is in the ascendant. Using three-dimensional tomographic image processing and analysis technology, medical workers can make full use of the data generated by imaging equipment, observe the three-dimensional display of human anatomy in a multi-faceted manner, and actively participate in the operation of the computer, greatly improving the convenience and accuracy of diagnosis. It can not only use existing medical imaging equipment to greatly improve the clinical diagnosis level of medical, but also provide electronic means for medical training, medical research and teaching, computer-assisted clinical surgery, etc., providing a solid foundation for medical research and development. To better realize the value-added services of medical care, it has great medical application value.