Diagnosis and treatment of Pasteurellosis in chickens

Chicken pasterellosis, also known as chicken hemorrhagic septicemia, is a conditional pathogen, a contact infectious disease, often associated with E. coli and other conditions pathogens. Both concurrent and secondary. If combined, it can cause serious morbidity and high mortality.

First, the cause of the disease

1. Incubation of eggs, incomplete disinfection of incubators, chicks themselves with bacteria, causing its natural disease, the gradual increase in virulence caused the disease.

2. The brood room environment is not completely disinfected, and there is a large number of potential pathogens that cause the disease.

3. The internal and external sanitation of the chicken house is poor, and the feces and rubbish cannot be cleared in time to cause the disease.

4. Poor ventilation, poor gas circulation, excessive toxic and harmful gases, and stimulation of the chicken's respiratory organs cause the disease.

5. When the content of trace elements, vitamins, etc. in chicken feed is insufficient, disease resistance of the chicken body can be weakened to cause the disease.

6. When the chicken feed mold deterioration, water pollution, can cause the disease.

7. When the chicken feed in the long-term addition of certain antibiotics, resulting in double infection in chickens, chicken immunity decreased and caused the disease.

Second, the characteristics of the disease

Chickens are most likely to cause the disease within 8 to 22 weeks of age. Young chickens generally exhibit acute high deaths, with a mortality rate of up to 45%. Laying hens and breeders are generally chronic.

Third, clinical symptoms

The incubation period of this disease is 1 to 5 days. Clinically divided into the most acute, acute and chronic type 3 kinds.

1. The most acute type

In the early days of this epidemic, the chicken suddenly became uneasy, struggling to the ground and died immediately. Or the spirit and appetite were normal the next morning, and died in the chicken house the next day for several hours.

2. Acute type

Most of the diseased chickens showed acute symptoms. The diseased chickens were depressed, drowsiness, necking, loose feathers, bows, and loss of appetite. Frequent and severe diarrhea, faeces are pale yellow and black green. The purple-breasted chicken has purple hair, difficulty in breathing, and finally coma and death. The course of disease is usually 1 to 3 days.

3. Chronic type

More common in the late epidemic, chronic pneumonia, chronic respiratory inflammation and chronic gastroenteritis are more common. The chickens on one or both sides of the diseased chicken are significantly swollen, and may be followed by purulent, case-like substances or dry necrosis and shedding. Some diseased chickens have local joint swelling, pain, and paralysis of the toes. The disease course may be delayed by one. More than a month, growth and egg production can not be restored for a long time. Sometimes diseased chickens develop arthritis or paralysis and cannot walk. When treated with antibiotics or sulfa drugs, the mortality rate drops significantly, but relapses after discontinuation.

Fourth, pathological necropsy

1. The most acute type

The dead chickens had no characteristic lesions, and sometimes only a few bleeding points were seen on the epicardium.

2. Acute type

The peritoneal subcutaneous tissues of the diseased chickens and the common minor bleeding in the abdomen. The pericardium became thicker and there was a large amount of opaque pale yellow liquid inside the pericardium. Epicardial and coronal fat bleeding was particularly evident. The lungs have congestion and bleeding points. The lesions of the liver are characteristic. The liver is slightly swollen, the texture becomes brittle, brownish or yellow-brown, and the surface of the liver is scattered with grayish white, needles with large necrotic spots. The spleen did not generally show obvious changes or slight enlargement. The muscles and stomachs were significantly bleeding. The intestinal tract, especially the duodenum, showed catarrhal and hemorrhagic inflammation. The intestinal contents contained blood.

3. Chronic type

Due to the difference in pathogenic organs, when the respiratory symptoms are predominant, a large amount of viscous secretions are seen in the nasal cavity and upper respiratory tract. In some cases, the lung becomes hard. Cases confined to arthritis and tenosynovitis are mainly seen in joint swelling, deformation, inflammatory exudate and caseous necrosis. The roosters' roaches are swollen with cheese-like exudates. The hen's ovary is bleeding, and sometimes there is a solid, yellow, cheese-like material attached to the surface of the visceral organs around the ovary.

V. Laboratory diagnosis

1. Stain smears of heart, blood, liver and spleen of diseased chickens, stained with Wright's or Methylene blue, and microscopically stained bifidobacteria.

2. Cultivation of the material Inoculated with a blood agar and incubated in a 37°C incubator for 24 hours. A circular, moist, smooth surface dew-like microcolon was observed.

3. The diseased material was made into a 1:10 emulsion with physiological saline, 0.2 ml of the supernatant was used to inoculate mice, pigeons or chicks, and death occurred within 1 to 2 days.

Sixth, treatment measures

1. Strengthen the feeding and management of chickens, avoid crowding and cold, eliminate the factors that may reduce the immunity of chickens, isolate chickens in a timely manner, and conduct strict disinfection of pens and pens, and chickens are separately raised and administered.

2. The diseased chickens can be treated with single use of Western medicine, Western medicine, or combination of Chinese and Western medicines.

1 Western medicine antibiotics alone: ​​penicillin, streptomycin, oxytetracycline have a good effect. The dose of penicillin is 3 to 50,000 units of intramuscular injection for each diseased chicken, injected once every 6 to 8 hours, and even for 2 to 3 days. The dose of streptomycin, body weight 2 to 3 kilograms per day for adult chicken 100,000 units intramuscularly, twice daily injections, 0.05% to 0.1% oxytetracycline added to the feed, used for several days, or intramuscular injection of chloramphenicol (per A kilogram of body weight of 20 mg) or chlortetracycline (40 mg per kilogram of body weight) is more effective.

Sulfonamides: Sulfamethazine, sulfaquinoline, and sulfamethoxazole (long-acting sulfonamides) all have good results. Add 0.5% sulfamethazine to the feed of diseased chickens, or continue to feed or drink in drinking water for 0.1 to 3% for 3 to 4 days, or add 0.1% sulfaquinoline to feeds, and continuously feed 2 to 3 days, intermittent for 3 days, and then fed with 0.5% concentration for 2 days, adult chickens were treated with 0.2-0.3 g long-acting sulfamethoxazole once daily, or 0.4%-0.5% long-acting sulfonamides were added to the feed every day. 1 time.

Olaquindox: According to the amount of 20-30 mg per kilogram of body weight of diseased chicken, it is taken orally once a day for 3 to 5 days. If it needs to be strengthened, it will be suspended for 3 to 5 days before being administered for one course of treatment.

2 Western medicine combined with amikacin and enrofloxacin after mixing the two drugs, plus 10 kilograms of water per gram, diseased chicken drinking this medicine for 3 to 5 days significant effect.

Anti-Pasteurella disease serum (multi-valent or monovalent) subcutaneous injection of 10 to 15 ml, and with the amount of antibiotics for oral administration, the effect is better, the course of treatment is generally 1 to 3 days.

3 Chinese and Western combination of Pulsatillae decoction (90 grams of Pulsatilla, 45 grams of Phellodendron, 45 grams of Phellodendron, and 45 grams of Coptis chinensis) combined with Renoxacin drinking water twice a day, each time adding water to Pulsatilla decoction 50 mg/kg, renoxacin 50 Mg / kg, mixed drink 1 to 3 days treatment effect is more significant.

Huanglian Jiedu Decoction (30 grams of Huanglian, 45 grams of Huangqi, 60 grams of Chinese wolfberry, and 45 grams of Phellodendron) combined with a concentration of 50 mg/kg of enrofloxacin can be used continuously for 3 to 5 days.

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