Machine-planting Rice Dry Rice Raising Technology and Operation Process
Hongze County, Jiangsu Province has started experimentation and demonstration on machine-planting rice technology since 1999. At present, it has gradually been promoted throughout the county. And summed up and improved a complete set of rice seedlings with double-membrane dry filming technology system. We summarized the "Technology and Operational Standards for Drying Rice Seedlings with Double-membrane Dredging and Drying," and formulated the nutrient soil preparation, base film drilling specification, and sowing density. Major breakthroughs have been made in the areas of chemical treatment, falling valley operations, seedling water pipes, and standardized cutting tools, making rice transplanting technology a simpler, lower-cost, and easier-to-learn practical technology for farmers. In the process of popularization and application of machine transplants, we found that the double-film waterfed eel is suitable for transplanting seedlings under the conditions of quality, and the time for planting operations is relatively short. The seedling age is generally not more than 20 days. It is very easy to cause eel sprouts under high temperature. High, beyond the seedling height requirement of transplanter suitable for machine insertion, the base of seedlings is inelastic, forming rafting, cutting off and reducing the survival rate of seedlings. The technology of double-membrane dry nursery eel is mainly through the improvement of the water pipe method. Water is controlled from the beginning of seedling growth, so as to achieve the requirement of extending seedling age and ensuring seedling seedling quality, and ensuring sufficient planting time. Dry seedlings can effectively control the seedlings of the seedlings, prolong the elasticity of the seedlings suitable for machine insertion, and are more suitable for planting in terms of plant height and morphological indexes. The transplanted planting wounds, the rooting power of the seedlings, and the seedling growth period are all Different degrees of improvement, and the longest seedlings can be planted for more than 28 days, the quality of seedlings still meet the standard of vigorous transplanting machine. In 2003, in Hongze County, from the end of June for more than one month of continuous rainy weather, general lack of light, and stripe leaf blight, rice leaf curling occurred in the year, the machine was inserted into the double-film dryland rice paddy field The yield per mu is 589kg, which is 121kg more than the average yield per mu in the county.
At the same time, farmers choose machine transplants to have better economical performance. The cost per hectare of fields can be reduced by more than 20 yuan, the cost of machine-inserted double-membrane dry-edged Honda is 22 yuan/mu, and the cost of hand-planted dry nursery is 35.30 yuan. Mu, planting fees manual 45 yuan / mu, machine inserted only 35 yuan per mu. Machine-planting seedlings, seedlings, and seedlings cost a total of 60 yuan/mu, while manual planting seedlings and planting fees must reach 80 yuan/mu. Now the double-film dry seedling technology and operating procedures are summarized as follows:
First, childbirth preparation:
(A) Nutrition Soil Preparation:
1. The amount of fine soil: Use 0.13m3 of sieved fine soil per acre field for nutrient soil and cover soil.
2, bed soil collection: suitable for bed soil is the vegetable field soil, wadi soil and autumn ploughing, winter turning, spring ridge rice field soil. It should be noted that do not use herbicide-treated soil as bed soil. Before the spring rain season begins, the fine soil shall be collected in place, and sieved with a wire of 88mm.
3, preparation of nutritive soil: before falling valley according to every cubic meters of fine soil mixed with wetland green 5kg prepared nutrient soil, nutrient soil mixed fertilizer should be uniform, every Ichigo Ikeda 1m3 nutrition soil preparation. Note: Nutritious soils have no special requirements for moisture content, and it is advisable to operate conveniently.
(b) Hole bottom film preparation:
1, the amount of agricultural film: According to the acres of field per acre with a width of 1.4m, 4.2m long agricultural film.
2, the thickness of agricultural film: The thickness of the selected agricultural film should be appropriate, too thick, the higher the cost, the book is easy to damage, resulting in the root of the root bar.
3. Agricultural film drilling: The agricultural film required for 50 mu of Daejeon is once wound around a length of 2m wide and 0.3 to 0.4m thick and 0.02 to 0.05m rectangular parallelepiped size wood and then punched with a belt punch with a hole diameter of 3mm. hole. The pitch on the agricultural film is 34cm. The hole distance can not be less than 3cm, otherwise the holes are too dense, the roots are easy to lower and the seedlings are not well-packed; the hole distance cannot be more than 5cm, otherwise the holes are too thin, which is unfavorable for the exchange of water and gas on the membrane.
(c) Putian preparation:
1. Area of ​​Dianchi Lake: According to the ratio of Dianchi Lake and Daejeon, 1:100, it is sufficient to keep the area of ​​Dianchi Lake.
2, 秧畦 specifications: 1 秧畦 width 1.4m. 2 The sulcus width is 0.25m, and the sulcus depth is 0.15m. 3 The width of the channel is 0.3m and the depth of the channel is 0.2m.
3, Putian choice: choose convenient irrigation and drainage, close to the water source, convenient for the operation of the plot for the Ikei Ikeda, each piece of pond area is appropriate between 0.5 to 1 mu.
4. Tianchi Farmland: Ploughing and freezing in winter. 2 15 days before falling valley, plough the land, open the ditch and put water on the plate to dry it, and the sampan board should be “light, flat, solid, straightâ€. When the valley falls, the sampan board can stand people, and there are no footprints that fall down. .
(D) Seed preparation:
Measured seed quantity: According to the basic seedlings required for machine-planting rice varieties, the effect of factors such as 1000-grain weight, germination rate, germination potential, and machine-assisted survival rate, etc., and certain reserve seedlings are reserved, and each acre field should be prepared. Foot select seeds 4kg.
Before soaking seeds, seeds should be dried, sieved, wind-separated and weighed to ensure seed quality.
(5) Preparation of other materials required for childbirth:
1. Fertilizer: Fine soil is used for fertilizing with dry green, and is prepared at 5kg/m3.
2. Pesticides:
(1) Soaking the seeding agent: Prepare 1 bag (2 ml) of 100 g per 3 kg of seed, and imidacloprid to prepare 8 g of 1 bag per 5 kg of seed.
2 bed soil disinfectants such as Dixon are prepared at 1 kg per mu.
3 Alumina insecticides such as grams of A were prepared at 0.3 kg per mu.
3, wood strips: width 4cm, thickness 1.7 ~ 1.8cm, length 3m above the specifications of wood strips to prepare 6 to 8, the better; the width of 10cm, thickness of about 3cm, long 1.5m scraped straight wood to prepare 2 .
4. Reed rod: Place a 1.3m long reed rod every 30cm in length.
5. Covering the agricultural film: 2m wide by spring per mu, and 1.5m wide by wheat crucible, and the length is 4.2m.
6, cut knife tool preparation: Each childbirth point should be in the slack season should be a long cut boring knife, a short cut boring knife, cut boring tool holder.
7, straw: According to the area of ​​Dianchi Lake, it is better to cover the area.
Second, precision seeding:
(I) Reasonably Arrange the Broadcasting Period:
The sowing date should be determined according to the factors such as the time of cultivating the former crops and the time required for the cultivation of the crops after transplanting into the field, and the daily workload of rice transplanters. The age of the transplanted plants should not exceed 28 days.
(b) Determination of seeding density:
The higher the sowing density, the lower the plug-in rate, but with the increase of seedling age, the quality of the seedlings declines quickly, and the suitable age for planting is small; the smaller the sowing density, the easier the hole rate increases, and the seedlings are of good quality. The mechanical age of the machine plug is large, but if it is too thin, the number of basic seedlings per mu cannot be guaranteed. The sowing density is related to such factors as the basic seedlings of the mu, the 1000-grain weight, the germination rate, the germinating power, the interplanting survival rate, the transplanter spacing and the selection of the earthworms. According to years of experiments, the conventional rice varieties such as Wuyujing No. 3, The seeding density of Nanxun 41 and other varieties is suitable for about 0.75 kg/m2 dry seed.
(3) Immersion seed germination:
1. Seed soaking with chemicals: If the agent is used to soak seeds of 100 grams and imidacloprid in water, the indica rice should be soaked for 80 days and the dosage of the medicine should be applied according to the instructions on the instruction manual.
2. Pregermination: The germination can be performed by conventional methods. The germination should be completed within 2 days.
(D) Fall Valley operation steps:
1. Apply pesticides such as Grams A to earthworms.
2, with a hole base film.
3. The 1.7cm-thick wooden strips are embedded on both sides of the surface, and the distance between the wooden strips on both sides of the surface is 1.3m.
4, laying fertilizer nutrient soil.
5. Scrape the nutritious soil with a scraper.
6. After flooding the nutrient soil with a water pump, drain the water.
7, spray nutrient soil disinfection and disinfection of the enemy enemy.
8. The buds are weighed and evenly divided into valleys after being evenly distributed to each pod. Each pod is broadcast at least three times.
9, cover the soil: cover the species with unfertilized fine soil, cover the thickness of about 0.3cm, to see the seeds is not appropriate.
10. Place a reed rod every 30cm horizontally on the surface.
11. Sealing film: The film should be tightened tightly and sealed tightly. After sealing the film, it is necessary to clear the water on the film in case of rain and prevent stuffy buds and hot sprouts.
12, cover grass: In order to prevent high temperature burning seedlings, the film temperature should be controlled below 35 °C, covered with straw on the cover, covering the thickness of the grass to cover the film on the sun light is appropriate.
(5) Uncovering film:
3 to 4 days after sowing, until the seedlings clear weather after the film. The weather is uncovered in the evening and the film can be uncovered in the morning on cloudy days. The film should be uncovered after the rain. After the film is uncovered, it is filled with water for the first time and drained to the seedling stage.
Third, seedling management:
1. Water pipe measures: When the film is uncovered, it should be filled with enough water and drained. After dry cultivation, dry irrigation will not be performed. The ditch will not retain water, improving the quality of the seedlings and promoting the development of the root system. The principle of water spray: as long as the blemish is not white, the seedlings will not be sprayed without rolling leaf. Spray enough water 3 to 4 days before transplanting to transplant the seedlings. And control the water hardening seedlings, enhance the compaction force of the sampan plate, in case of high temperatures can be sprinkled with water, in case of heavy rain cover with agricultural film to prevent rain, to prevent excessive moisture content of scorpion block, adverse transplant.
2. Fertilizer control methods: After fertilizing fine soil with dry grass green, under normal circumstances, in addition to the marrying manure, the seedling stage may not be fertilized. Specifically, seedlings should be fertilized. If fertilization is required, then a small amount of urea should be sprayed or applied on one leaf. The combined fertilizer should be sprayed and sprayed 3 to 4 days before transplanting. The amount of urea used should be 1 to 4 kg. Unauthorized increase. After applying the marrying fertilizer, the machine should be plugged in within a predetermined time, otherwise it is easy to cause the seedlings to become leggy. If the seedlings grow too fast, they can spray 15% paclobutrazol 60-80 grams per acre in the 2-leaf period.
3. Pest control: The main pests and diseases in paddy field are sphaerophages falcate, rice thrips, sheath blight, seedling mites disease, etc., especially for the prevention and control of Laodelphax striatellus, in order to prevent the infection of stripe virus. After the seedling stage, seedlings should pay close attention to the occurrence of pests and diseases, and prevent and treat the disease in a timely manner. One or two days before transplanting, a drug control was performed and the drug was placed under Daejeon.
Fourth, suitable machine inserted seedlings requirements:
1, 秧 秧 : : : : : : : : : : 适宜 适宜 适宜 适宜 适宜 适宜 适宜 适宜 以 以 以 以 以 以 以 以 。 。 。 。 。 。 。 。 。 。 。 。 。 。 。.
2. Seedling Height: The height of seedlings with good machine insertion is 15~21cm.
3, the disc strength: the disc strength is about 6kg, the seedling packing is better, to reach the block is not scattered.
4. Water content: The moisture content of the mash block is about 35%. The back of the block is pinched with a finger and there is a dampness, but no water drop phenomenon prevails.
V. Cut and transplant:
Using a cutter and a cutting truss, cut into squares of width 27.5 to 27.9 cm and length of 60 cm, carefully rolled up and transported to the field to be inserted. During the operation process, it should be noted that the number of stacked layers of the roll stack should be 3 layers, which should not be too much, to prevent deformation of the roll block and prevent machine plugging. (http://)
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